ArticleCancer research2011
AGR2 is a novel surface antigen that promotes the dissemination of pancreatic cancer cells through regulation of cathepsins B and D.
Article in Cancer research, 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 91 papers.
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Who cites it
91 citing papers in PubMed, 182 citations in OpenAlex.
- Targeting lysosome-dependent cell death in cancer: towards therapeutic strategies.Biomarker research · 2026Review
- The Lysosome-Cathepsin Axis in Pancreatic Cancer: Mechanisms of Stromal Remodeling, Immune Evasion, and Therapy Resistance.Biomolecules · 2026Review
- Article
- A reproducible epithelial transcriptional state combines interferon-associated and secretory programs in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma.Frontiers in genetics · 2026Article
- Analytical Validation of a Serum Biomarker Signature for Detection of Early-Stage Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Design and Preclinical Evaluation of FirstJournal of medicinal chemistry · 2025Article
- Tumor-secreted AGR2 induces dendritic cell dysfunction and impairs immunotherapy efficacy in LKB1-deficient cancer.Journal for immunotherapy of cancer · 2025Article
- A High Performing Biomarker Signature for Detecting Early-Stage Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma in High-Risk Individuals.Cancers · 2025Article
- Clinical efficacy and chemoresistance analysis of precision neoadjuvant chemotherapy for borderline resectable pancreatic cancer: a prospective, single-arm pilot study.International journal of surgery (London, England) · 2025Article
- AGR2 knockdown induces ER stress and mitochondria fission to facilitate pancreatic cancer cell death.Biochimica et biophysica acta. Molecular cell research · 2025Article
- A High-Affinity Monoclonal Antibody Against the Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma Target, Anterior Gradient-2 (AGR2/PDIA17).Antibodies (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Prevalence and Significance of AGR2 Expression in Human Cancer.Cancer medicine · 2024Article
- Cleistanthin A derivative disrupts autophagy and suppresses head and neck squamous cell carcinoma progression via targeted vacuolar ATPase.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- AGR2: The Covert Driver and New Dawn of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Cancer Treatment.Biomolecules · 2024Review
- Unraveling the impact of cancer-associated fibroblasts on hypovascular pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors.British journal of cancer · 2024Article
- An integrated study to decipher immunosuppressive cellular communication in the PDAC environment.NPJ systems biology and applications · 2023Article
- Review
- S100 family proteins are linked to organoid morphology and EMT in pancreatic cancer.Cell death and differentiation · 2023Article
- Anterior gradient 2 induces resistance to sorafenib via endoplasmic reticulum stress regulation in hepatocellular carcinoma.Cancer cell international · 2023Article
- AGR2: a secreted protein worthy of attention in diagnosis and treatment of breast cancer.Frontiers in oncology · 2023Review
31 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
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Authors and funding
13 authors at 8 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) remains one of the most lethal cancers largely due to disseminated disease at the time of presentation. Here, we investigated the role and mechanism of action of the metastasis-associated protein anterior gradient 2 (AGR2) in the pathogenesis of pancreatic cancer. AGR2 was induced in all sporadic and familial pancreatic intraepithelial precursor lesions (PanIN), PDACs, circulating tumor cells, and metastases studied. Confocal microscopy and flow cytometric analyses indicated that AGR2 localized to the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and the external surface of tumor cells. Furthermore, induction of AGR2 in tumor cells regulated the expression of several ER chaperones (PDI, CALU, RCN1), proteins of the ubiquitin-proteasome degradation pathway (HIP2, PSMB2, PSMA3, PSMC3, and PSMB4), and lysosomal proteases [cathepsin B (CTSB) and cathepsin D (CTSD)], in addition to promoting the secretion of the precursor form pro-CTSD. Importantly, the invasiveness of pancreatic cancer cells was proportional to the level of AGR2 expression. Functional downstream targets of the proinvasive activity of AGR2 included CTSB and CTSD in vitro, and AGR2, CTSB, and CTSD were essential for the dissemination of pancreatic cancer cells in vivo. Taken together, the results suggest that AGR2 promotes dissemination of pancreatic cancer and that its cell surface targeting may permit new strategies for early detection as well as therapeutic management.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.