Evidence map›Paper›PMID 21948457›Full record

Trial reportPharmaceutical research2012

A semi-mechanistic modeling strategy to link in vitro and in vivo drug release for modified release formulations.

Martin Bergstrand, Erik Söderlind, Ulf G Eriksson, Werner Weitschies, Mats O Karlsson

Abstract readRandomized Controlled Trial
PubMed Publisher
In one paragraph

Trial report in Pharmaceutical research, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 7 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
7citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

7 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Trial
  3. Article
  4. Article
  5. Review
  6. Article
  7. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors.

Martin BergstrandDepartment of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Uppsala University, P.O. Box 591, SE-751 24, Uppsala, Sweden. martin.bergstrand@farmbio.uu.se
Erik Söderlind
Ulf G Eriksson
Werner Weitschies
Mats O Karlsson

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

purposeTo develop a semi-mechanistic model linking in vitro to in vivo drug release.

methodsA nonlinear mixed-effects model describing the in vitro drug release for 6 hydrophilic matrix based modified release formulations across different experimental conditions (pH, rotation speed and ionic strength) was developed. It was applied to in vivo observations of drug release and tablet gastro intestinal (GI) position assessed with magnetic marker monitoring (MMM). By combining the MMM observations with literature information on pH and ionic strength along the GI tract, the mechanical stress in different parts of the GI tract could be estimated in units equivalent to rotation speed in the in vitro USP 2 apparatus.

resultsThe mechanical stress in the upper and lower stomach was estimated to 94 and 134 rpm, respectively. For the small intestine and colon the estimates of mechanical stress was 93 and 38 rpm. Predictions of in vivo drug release including between subject/tablet variability was made for other newly developed formulations based on the drug release model and a model describing tablet GI transit.

conclusionThe paper outlines a modeling approach for predicting in vivo behavior from standard in vitro experiments and support formulation development and quality control.

Indexed as

Models, BiologicalAmidinesAntithrombinsAzetidinesComputer SimulationCross-Over StudiesDelayed-Action PreparationsGastrointestinal TractGastrointestinal TransitHumansHypromellose DerivativesMaleMethylcelluloseOsmolar ConcentrationProdrugsSolubilityAmidinesAntithrombinsAZD 0837AzetidinesDelayed-Action PreparationsHypromellose DerivativesMethylcelluloseProdrugsTablets

Identifiers

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.