ArticleSleep & breathing = Schlaf & Atmung2012
Injection of L-glutamate into the insular cortex produces sleep apnea and serotonin reduction in rats.
Article in Sleep & breathing = Schlaf & Atmung, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 14 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
14 citing papers in PubMed, 23 citations in OpenAlex.
- Disrupted glutamate-gaba balance in children with adenoid hypertrophy:a targeted metabolomic and clinical correlation study.European archives of oto-rhino-laryngology : official journal of the European Federation of Oto-Rhino-Laryngological Societies (EUFOS) : affiliated with the German Society for Oto-Rhino-Laryngology - Head and Neck Surgery · 2026Article
- Influence of glutamatergic and GABAergic neurotransmission on obstructive sleep apnea.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2023Review
- Mood Disorders are Correlated with Autonomic Nervous Function in Chronic Insomnia Patients with OSA.Nature and science of sleep · 2023Article
- Advances in Molecular Pathology of Obstructive Sleep Apnea.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Review
- The human brain in a high altitude natural environment: A review.Frontiers in human neuroscience · 2022Review
- Aberrant Resting-State Functional Brain Connectivity of Insular Subregions in Obstructive Sleep Apnea.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2021Article
- Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors in Obstructive Sleep Apnea: Associations in People with and without Epilepsy.Neurology research international · 2018Article
- Effects of Habenular Stimulation Frequencies on Obstructive Sleep Apnea Induced by Stimulation of Insular Cortex.Canadian respiratory journal · 2018Article
- Sleep bruxism frequency and platelet serotonin transporter activities in young adult subjects.Sleep & breathing = Schlaf & Atmung · 2016Article
- New insights on the role of the insular cortex and habenula in OSA.Sleep & breathing = Schlaf & Atmung · 2015Review
- The lateral habenular nucleus mediates signal transduction from the insular cortex in OSA rats.Sleep & breathing = Schlaf & Atmung · 2014Article
- Antioxidant vitamins prevent oxidative and carbonyl stress in an animal model of obstructive sleep apnea.Sleep & breathing = Schlaf & Atmung · 2013Article
- Neuropharmacology of Sleep and Wakefulness: 2012 Update.Sleep medicine clinics · 2012Article
- Role of 5-hydroxytryptamine expression in cerebellar Purkinje cells in obstructive sleep apnea syndrome.Neural regeneration research · 2012Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
9 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
purposeObstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is primarily characterized by repetitive episodes of complete or partial obstruction of airflow during sleep. The neuronal and cellular mechanisms underlying this process are not fully understood, although the focus of some studies is on putative serotonin (5-HT) mechanisms, and serotonergic therapy may be beneficial to OSA patients. This study aimed to demonstrate possible changes in 5-HT associated with induction of OSA in a rat model.
methodsApnea was induced in rats by injection of L-glutamate (L-Glu) into the insular cortex. We examined changes in: (1) simultaneous genioglossus and diaphragm EMG activity; and (2) peripheral and cerebral levels of 5-HT, by histology.
resultsInjection of L-glutamate (L-Glu) into the insular cortex induced apnea in the rats. L-Glu stimulation of the insular cortex also produced significant reductions in plasma 5-HT levels and the expression of 5-HT in the brainstem. In addition, lower activity was observed in the GG and a higher activity was observed in the diaphragm, as compared to controls.
conclusionData indicate that L-Glu stimulation of the insular cortex simulates the electrical activity of the genioglossus muscle and diaphragm in sleep apnea, and contributes to reduced peripheral and cerebral 5-HT levels in rats. The results of our study suggest that 5-HT may play a role in the pathogenesis of OSA.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.