ArticleInfection and immunity2011
Suppression of the inflammatory immune response prevents the development of chronic biofilm infection due to methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus.
Article in Infection and immunity, 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 60 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
60 citing papers in PubMed, 117 citations in OpenAlex.
- Cytokine and chemokine dysregulation by microbial biofilm components: mechanisms and clinical implications.Archives of microbiology · 2026Review
- Antibacterial and anti-virulence activity of the repurposed agent SX-682 against Staphylococcus aureus.BMC microbiology · 2026Article
- Emerging non-antibiotic strategies for implant-associated biofilm infections by reprogramming the dysregulated immune microenvironment.NPJ biofilms and microbiomes · 2026Review
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- Effect of the Combination of Probiotics and Korean Red Ginseng on Diabetic Wound Healing Exposed to Diesel Exhaust Particles(DEPs).Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2023Article
- Host Immune Regulation in Implant-Associated Infection (IAI): What Does the Current Evidence Provide Us to Prevent or Treat IAI?Bioengineering (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
- Fracture-related infection.Nature reviews. Disease primers · 2022Review
- Systemic interleukin-6 inhibition ameliorates acute neuropsychiatric phenotypes in a murine model of acute lung injury.Critical care (London, England) · 2022Article
- Environmental, Microbiological, and Immunological Features of Bacterial Biofilms Associated with Implanted Medical Devices.Clinical microbiology reviews · 2022Review
- Immunometabolism in biofilm infection: lessons from cancer.Molecular medicine (Cambridge, Mass.) · 2022Review
- Recalcitrant Ulcerative Pyoderma Gangrenosum of the Leg Responsive to Tildrakizumab: A Case Report.Clinical, cosmetic and investigational dermatology · 2022Article
- AssessingFrontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2022Article
- Combination of Synovial Fluid IL-4 and Polymorphonuclear Cell Percentage Improves the Diagnostic Accuracy of Chronic Periprosthetic Joint Infection.Frontiers in surgery · 2022Article
- Inhibition of Bacterial Adhesion and Antibiofilm Activities of a Glycolipid Biosurfactant fromAntibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Article
- IL-6 Inhibition Reduces Neuronal Injury in a Murine Model of Ventilator-induced Lung Injury.American journal of respiratory cell and molecular biology · 2021Article
- Fracture biomechanics influence local and systemic immune responses in a murine fracture-related infection model.Biology open · 2021Article
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- Review
- A Novel Autoantibody Induced by Bacterial Biofilm Conserved Components Aggravates Lupus Nephritis.Frontiers in immunology · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus is a common cause of prosthetic implant infections, which can become chronic due to the ability of S. aureus to grow as a biofilm. Little is known about adaptive immune responses to these infections in vivo. We hypothesized that S. aureus elicits inflammatory Th1/Th17 responses, associated with biofilm formation, instead of protective Th2/Treg responses. We used an adapted mouse model of biofilm-mediated prosthetic implant infection to determine chronic infection rates, Treg cell frequencies, and local cytokine levels in Th1-biased C57BL/6 and Th2-biased BALB/c mice. All C57BL/6 mice developed chronic S. aureus implant infection at all time points tested. However, over 75% of BALB/c mice spontaneously cleared the infection without adjunctive therapy and demonstrated higher levels of Th2 cytokines and anti-inflammatory Treg cells. When chronic infection rates in mice deficient in the Th2 cytokine interleukin-4 (IL-4) via STAT6 mutation in a BALB/c background were assessed, the mice were unable to clear the S. aureus implant infection. Additionally, BALB/c mice depleted of Treg cells via an anti-CD25 monoclonal antibody (MAb) were also unable to clear the infection. In contrast, the C57BL/6 mice that were susceptible to infection were able to eliminate S. aureus biofilm populations on infected intramedullary pins once the Th1 and Th17 responses were diminished by MAb treatment with anti-IL-12 p40. Together, these results indicate that Th2/Treg responses are mechanisms of protection against chronic S. aureus implant infection, as opposed to Th1/Th17 responses, which may play a role in the development of chronic infection.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.