ArticleInternational journal of clinical oncology2012
Cigarette smoke stimulates VEGF-C expression in cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) 1 and 2 lesions.
Article in International journal of clinical oncology, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT03093623 (The Effect of Physical Activity and Abstain From Smoking on the Regression of Precancerous Lesion.), which is not on this map. Cited by 5 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
The Effect of Physical Activity and Abstain From Smoking on the Regression of Precancerous Lesion.
Who cites it
5 citing papers in PubMed, 11 citations in OpenAlex.
- A study on the correlation between the prognosis of HPV infection and lesion recurrence after cervical conization.Frontiers in microbiology · 2023Article
- Gene Expression Profiling of MicroRNAs in HPV-Induced Warts and Normal Skin.Biomolecules · 2019Article
- Smoking-induced changes in cancer-related factors in patients with upper tract urothelial cancer.Molecular and clinical oncology · 2015Article
- Article
- Impact of VEGF-C gene polymorphisms and environmental factors on oral cancer susceptibility in Taiwan.PloS one · 2013Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectiveVascular endothelial growth factors (VEGFs) are involved in angiogenesis, but molecular links to the most important etiological agents, human papillomavirus (HPV) and smoking, need to be clarified.
methodsArchival samples at the first diagnosis of 64 cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade 1 or 2 (CIN 1/2) lesions were examined immunohistochemically using anti-VEGF-C and anti-Ki-67 antibodies. HPV types were identified from cervical samples by restriction fragment length polymorphism, which has been shown to identify at least 26 types of genital HPVs. Follow-up data were available for all patients with CIN lesions.
resultsCervical intraepithelial neoplasia lesions regressed in 47 cases and were persistent in 17 cases. Twenty-two smokers, 8 former smokers, and 34 non-smokers were enrolled in the study. The median observation period was 52.3 months. Significantly higher VEGF-C expression was observed in 8 smokers with persistent CIN persistence (49.0 ± 16.6%, P < 0.01), whereas no significant difference was observed in Ki-67 expression. The median time to regression was significantly longer in the 10 smokers with high VEGF-C expression (48.3 months, P = 0.030) than that in the others. HPV was detected in 56 of the 64 cases. Thirty-two patients had high-risk HPV, 13 had intermediate-risk HPV, and 2 had low-risk HPV. No significant difference was observed among the HPV risk groups in both average Ki-67 and VEGF-C expression.
conclusionsThese findings suggest that VEGF-C may play an important role in cigarette smoking-associated cervical carcinogenesis.
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