ArticleThe American journal of geriatric psychiatry : official journal of the American Association for Geriatric Psychiatry2011
The comprehensive process model of engagement.
Article in The American journal of geriatric psychiatry : official journal of the American Association for Geriatric Psychiatry, 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT03643003 (Music Therapy for Persons With Dementia), which is not on this map. Cited by 32 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Music Therapy for Persons With Dementia: A Randomized Clinical Crossover Trial
Who cites it
32 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Personally tailored activities for improving psychosocial outcomes for people with dementia in long-term care.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2023Pooled it
- Personally tailored activities for improving psychosocial outcomes for people with dementia in community settings.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2020Pooled it
- Personally tailored activities for improving psychosocial outcomes for people with dementia in long-term care.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2018Pooled it
- A group intervention to improve quality of life for people with advanced dementia living in care homes: the Namaste feasibility cluster RCT.Health technology assessment (Winchester, England) · 2020Trial
- A Robotic Coach Architecture for Elder Care (ROCARE) Based on Multi-User Engagement Models.IEEE transactions on neural systems and rehabilitation engineering : a publication of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society · 2017Trial
- Individual music therapy for agitation in dementia: an exploratory randomized controlled trial.Aging & mental health · 2013Trial
- Factors associated with sustained attention during an activity intervention in persons with dementia.Dementia and geriatric cognitive disorders · 2012Trial
- Pain in persons with dementia and the direct and indirect impacts on caregiver burden.Geriatric nursing (New York, N.Y.)Trial
- Mapping factors influencing the success of group activities for persons with dementia through the comprehensive process model of group engagement.The Gerontologist · 2026Article
- Factors Influencing Engagement in Work-Related Activities Among People With Dementia or Mild Cognitive Impairment: A Cross-Sectional Study.Occupational therapy international · 2026Article
- A multi-site randomized clinical trial of socially assistive robots on engaging older adults with cognitive impairment residing in long-term care settings: A protocol paper.Contemporary clinical trials · 2025Article
- Older Adults' Engagement and Mood During Robot-Assisted Group Activities in Nursing Homes: Development and Observational Pilot Study.JMIR rehabilitation and assistive technologies · 2023Article
- Use of adapted or modified methods with people with dementia in research: A scoping review.Dementia (London, England) · 2023Article
- Exploring the factors influencing meaningful engagement of persons living with advanced dementia through the Namaste Care Program: a qualitative descriptive study.Palliative care and social practice · 2023Article
- Article
- SAR-Connect: A Socially Assistive Robotic System to Support Activity and Social Engagement of Older Adults.IEEE transactions on robotics : a publication of the IEEE Robotics and Automation Society · 2022Article
- Measuring engagement among older adults using a multidimensional approach to communication.Frontiers in psychology · 2022Article
- Barriers to the Success of Recreational Groups for Persons With Dementia.Journal of geriatric psychiatry and neurology · 2022Article
- Assessing Momentary Well-Being in People Living With Dementia: A Systematic Review of Observational Instruments.Frontiers in psychology · 2021Review
- Effects of the Level of Interactivity of a Social Robot and the Response of the Augmented Reality Display in Contextual Interactions of People with Dementia.Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) · 2020Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundEngagement refers to the act of being occupied or involved with an external stimulus. In dementia, engagement is the antithesis of apathy.
objectiveThe Comprehensive Process Model of Engagement was examined, in which environmental, personal, and stimulus characteristics impact the level of engagement.
methods: Participants were 193 residents of 7 Maryland nursing with a diagnosis of dementia. Stimulus engagement was assessed via the Observational Measure of Engagement, measuring duration, attention, and attitude to the stimulus. Twenty-five stimuli were presented, which were categorized as live human social stimuli, simulated social stimuli, inanimate social stimuli, a reading stimulus, manipulative stimuli, a music stimulus, task and work-related stimuli, and two different self-identity stimuli.
resultsAll stimuli elicited significantly greater engagement in comparison to the control stimulus. In the multivariate model, music significantly increased engagement duration, whereas all other stimuli significantly increased duration, attention, and attitude. Significant environmental variables in the multivariate model that increased engagement were: use of the long introduction with modeling (relative to minimal introduction), any level of sound (especially moderate sound), and the presence of between 2 and 24 people in the room. Significant personal attributes included Mini-Mental State Examination scores, activities of daily living performance and clarity of speech, which were positively associated with higher engagement scores.
conclusionsResults are consistent with the Comprehensive Process Model of Engagement. Personal attributes, environmental factors, and stimulus characteristics all contribute to the level and nature of engagement, with a secondary finding being that exposure to any stimulus elicits engagement in persons with dementia.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.