Evidence map›Paper›PMID 21946353›Full record

ArticleNature genetics2011

Transposon-mediated rewiring of gene regulatory networks contributed to the evolution of pregnancy in mammals.

Vincent J Lynch, Robert D Leclerc, Gemma May, Günter P Wagner

Abstract read
PubMed Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Nature genetics, 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 253 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
253citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
11.9field-weighted citation impact, top 1% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

253 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 445 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Article
  3. Article
  4. Article
  5. Review
  6. Article
  7. The molecular evolution of vertebrate organs.Nature ecology & evolution · 2026
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  8. Large language models for bioinformatics.Quantitative biology (Beijing, China) · 2026
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  9. Review
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  12. Models in Evo-Devo: An Evolving Niche.Results and problems in cell differentiation · 2026
    Review
  13. Update on endogenous retroviruses in cattle placenta.The Journal of reproduction and development · 2026
    Review
  14. Article
  15. Review
  16. Article
  17. Article
  18. De novo rates of aProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2025
    Article
  19. Review
  20. Article

193 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.

Vincent J LynchDepartment of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology & Yale Systems Biology Institute, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA. vincent.j.lynch@yale.edu
Robert D Leclerc
Gemma May
Günter P Wagner
Yale University · US

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

A fundamental challenge in biology is explaining the origin of novel phenotypic characters such as new cell types; the molecular mechanisms that give rise to novelties are unclear. We explored the gene regulatory landscape of mammalian endometrial cells using comparative RNA-Seq and found that 1,532 genes were recruited into endometrial expression in placental mammals, indicating that the evolution of pregnancy was associated with a large-scale rewiring of the gene regulatory network. About 13% of recruited genes are within 200 kb of a Eutherian-specific transposable element (MER20). These transposons have the epigenetic signatures of enhancers, insulators and repressors, directly bind transcription factors essential for pregnancy and coordinately regulate gene expression in response to progesterone and cAMP. We conclude that the transposable element, MER20, contributed to the origin of a novel gene regulatory network dedicated to pregnancy in placental mammals, particularly by recruiting the cAMP signaling pathway into endometrial stromal cells.

Indexed as

Biological EvolutionDNA Transposable ElementsGene Regulatory NetworksAnimalsFemalePregnancyDNA Transposable Elements

Identifiers

PMID21946353
OpenAlexW1996601092

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.