ArticleJournal of transplantation2011
The alpha-melanocyte stimulating hormone induces conversion of effector T cells into treg cells.
Article in Journal of transplantation, 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 29 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
29 citing papers in PubMed, 45 citations in OpenAlex.
- Results from a multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study of repository corticotropin injection for multiple sclerosis relapse that did not adequately respond to corticosteroids.CNS neuroscience & therapeutics · 2022Trial
- Ocular immune homeostasis-mechanisms of precise regulation through coordination of the eye, visual system and beyond: a narrative review.Annals of eye science · 2026Article
- The Therapeutic Effects of Purified Cortrophin Gel on Experimental Autoimmune Uveitis.Ocular immunology and inflammation · 2025Article
- Stem cell activity shapes the pleiotropic effects of IFN-γ and TGF-β in autoimmune diseases, infections, and cancer, and drives autoimmune flares and remissions.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- Ocular immunosuppressive microenvironment and novel drug delivery for control of uveitis.Advanced drug delivery reviews · 2023Review
- Stimulating the Melanocortin System in Uveitis and Diabetes Preserves the Structure and Anti-Inflammatory Activity of the Retina.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Article
- Melanocortin receptor agonists suppress experimental autoimmune uveitis.Experimental eye research · 2022Article
- The Dark Side of Melanin Secretion in Cutaneous Melanoma Aggressiveness.Frontiers in oncology · 2022Review
- Phenotypic Switching of B16F10 Melanoma Cells as a Stress Adaptation Response to Fe3O4/Salicylic Acid Nanoparticle Therapy.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Article
- The Role of Neuropeptides in Pathogenesis of Dry Dye.Journal of clinical medicine · 2021Review
- Management of repository corticotropin injection therapy for non-infectious uveitis: a Delphi study.Acta ophthalmologica · 2021Article
- Extracellular Soluble Membranes from Retinal Pigment Epithelial Cells Mediate Apoptosis in Macrophages.Cells · 2021Article
- Applications of Melanin and Melanin-Like Nanoparticles in Cancer Therapy: A Review of Recent Advances.Cancers · 2021Review
- Antifibrotic and Anti-Inflammatory Actions of α-Melanocytic Hormone: New Roles for an Old Player.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Review
- The role of Th17 immunity in chronic ocular surface disorders.The ocular surface · 2021Review
- Pathophysiology of ocular toxoplasmosis: Facts and open questions.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2020Review
- Desacetyl-α-MSH and α-MSH have sex specific interactions with diet to influence mouse gut morphology, metabolites and microbiota.Scientific reports · 2020Article
- Corneal Nerve Ablation Abolishes Ocular Immune Privilege by Downregulating CD103 on T Regulatory Cells.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2020Article
- Activation of Melanocortin Receptors as a Potential Strategy to Reduce Local and Systemic Reactions Induced by Respiratory Viruses.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2020Review
- PD-1Scientific reports · 2019Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
The neuropeptide alpha-melanocyte stimulating hormone (α-MSH) has an important role in modulating immunity and homeostasis. The production of IFN-γ by effector T cells is suppressed by α-MSH, while TGF-β production is promoted in the same cells. Such α-MSH-treated T cells have immune regulatory activity and suppress hypersensitivity, autoimmune diseases, and graft rejection. Previous characterizations of the α-MSH-induced Treg cells showed that the cells are CD4(+) T cells expressing the same levels of CD25 as effector T cells. Therefore, we further analyzed the α-MSH-induced Treg cells for expression of effector and regulatory T-cell markers. Also, we examined the potential for α-MSH-induced Treg cells to be from the effector T-cell population. We found that the α-MSH-induced Treg cells are CD25(+) CD4(+) T cells that share similar surface markers as effector T cells, except that they express on their surface LAP. Also, the α-MSH treatment augments FoxP3 message in the effector T cells, and α-MSH induction of regulatory activity was limited to the effector CD25(+) T-cell population. Therefore, α-MSH converts effector T cells into Treg cells, which suppress immunity targeting specific antigens and tissues.
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.