ArticleCytokine2011
Early inflammation in the absence of overt infection in preterm neonates exposed to intensive care.
Article in Cytokine, 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 20 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
20 citing papers in PubMed, 38 citations in OpenAlex.
- Can prenatal conditions impact the effect of omega-3 on bronchopulmonary dysplasia in very preterm infants? A secondary analysis of a randomized controlled trial.European journal of pediatrics · 2025Trial
- Docosahexaenoic acid-rich algae oil supplementation on breast milk fatty acid profile of mothers who delivered prematurely: a randomized clinical trial.Scientific reports · 2021Trial
- Trial
- Systems biology approaches to unravelling neonatal sepsis and potential for precision diagnostics and therapeutics.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2026Review
- Article
- Prevention of Chronic Morbidities in Extremely Premature Newborns with LISA-nCPAP Respiratory Therapy and Adjuvant Perinatal Strategies.Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
- Article
- T cell cytokines in the diagnostic of early-onset sepsis.Pediatric research · 2021Article
- Diagnostic accuracy of a dynamically increased red blood cell distribution width in very low birth weight infants with serious bacterial infection.Italian journal of pediatrics · 2021Observational
- Premature Birth Infants Present Elevated Inflammatory Markers in the Meconium.Frontiers in pediatrics · 2020Article
- A promising, novel index in the diagnosis and follow-up of patent ductus arteriosus: Red cell distribution width-to-platelet ratio.Journal of clinical laboratory analysis · 2018Article
- Paracetamol in Patent Ductus Arteriosus Treatment: Efficacious and Safe?BioMed research international · 2017Review
- An Immunological Perspective on Neonatal Sepsis.Trends in molecular medicine · 2016Review
- Attenuated innate immune defenses in very premature neonates during the neonatal period.Pediatric research · 2015Article
- Elevated plasma and cerebrospinal fluid interleukin-1 beta and tumor necrosis factor-alpha concentration and combined outcome of death or abnormal neuroimaging in preterm neonates with early-onset clinical sepsis.Journal of perinatology : official journal of the California Perinatal Association · 2015Observational
- A "multi-hit" model of neonatal white matter injury: cumulative contributions of chronic placental inflammation, acute fetal inflammation and postnatal inflammatory events.Journal of perinatal medicine · 2014Article
- Listeria monocytogenes: a promising vehicle for neonatal vaccination.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2014Review
- Age-dependent differences in systemic and cell-autonomous immunity to L. monocytogenes.Clinical & developmental immunology · 2013Review
- Innate immune function by Toll-like receptors: distinct responses in newborns and the elderly.Immunity · 2012Review
- The developing human preterm neonatal immune system: a case for more research in this area.Clinical immunology (Orlando, Fla.) · 2012Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
10 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundSystemic inflammation, typically attributed to sepsis, has been repeatedly linked to adverse long-term outcomes in infants born prematurely. However, it is unclear whether other factors can contribute to potentially harmful systemic inflammatory responses.
objectiveTo determine the timing and extent of systemic inflammation occurring in absence of infection in preterm infants exposed to intensive care.
methodsFirst, we screened for inflammation biomarkers most strongly linked to infection in a large prospective cohort of 425 newborns (gestational age 24-42 weeks). Second, we longitudinally measured levels of infection-related inflammation biomarkers up to 42 days of post-natal life in a series of 58 infants born ≤30 weeks of gestation exposed to intensive care. Ante- or post-natal infections were excluded using stringent definitions including rigorous histological placental examination. Spearman correlations were used to identify putative clinical factors potentially linked to inflammation.
resultsThree biomarkers were most strongly associated with neonatal sepsis (IL-6, IL-8 and G-CSF) in the first cohort. Using these markers, we found a predominant early high intensity systemic inflammation period within the first 72 h of preterm infants' extra-uterine life. Remarkably, this systemic inflammatory response was of magnitude comparable to that observed during sepsis in absence of ante- or post-natal signs of infection, and correlated with the amount of supplemental oxygen exposure (r=0.51-0.60).
conclusionsNon-infectious sources of systemic inflammation are significant in preterm infants exposed to intensive care and may contribute to intensive care-related organ injury.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.