Evidence map›Paper›PMID 21937910›Full record

ArticleJournal of neuropathology and experimental neurology2011

Late development of the GABAergic system in the human cerebral cortex and white matter.

Gang Xu, Kevin G Broadbelt, Robin L Haynes, Rebecca D Folkerth, Natalia S Borenstein, Richard A Belliveau, Felicia L Trachtenberg, Joseph J Volpe, Hannah C Kinney

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Journal of neuropathology and experimental neurology, 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 82 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
82citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

82 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.

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  12. General anesthesia in early infancy accelerates visual cortical development.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2025
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22 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors.

Gang XuDepartment of Pathology, Children's Hospital Boston, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA. Gang.xu@childrens.harvard.edu
Kevin G Broadbelt
Robin L Haynes
Rebecca D Folkerth
Natalia S Borenstein
Richard A Belliveau
Felicia L Trachtenberg
Joseph J Volpe
Hannah C Kinney

Funding

SYNAPTIC MECHANISMS IN HIPPOCAMPAL EPILEPTOGENESISP30HD018655 · NICHD · CHILDREN'S HOSPITAL BOSTON · PI POMEROY, SCOTT LOREN · 1985 to 2015
$26.2M
PERIVENTRICULAR LEUKOMALACIA IN THE PREMATURE INFANTP01NS038475 · NINDS · CHILDREN'S HOSPITAL BOSTON · PI VOLPE, JOSEPH J · 2000 to 2009
$13.2M
NICHD NIH HHS P30 HD018655NICHD NIH HHS P30-HD018655NINDS NIH HHS P01 NS038475NINDS NIH HHS P01-NS38475
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Despite the key role of γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) neurons in the modulation of cerebral cortical output, little is known about their development in the human cortex. We analyzed several GABAergic parameters in standardized regions of the cerebral cortex and white matter in a total of 38 human fetuses and infants from 19 gestational weeks to 2.7 postnatal years using immunocytochemistry, Western blotting, tissue autoradiography, and computer-based cellular quantitation. At least 20% of GABAergic neurons in the white matter migrated toward the cortex over late gestation. After term, migration declined and ended within 6 postnatal months. In parallel, the GABAergic neuronal density increased in the cortex over late gestation, also with a peak at term. From midgestation to infancy, the pattern of GABAA receptor binding changed from uniformly low across all cortical layers to high levels concentrated in the middle laminae; glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD65 and GAD67) levels differentially increased. Thus, the second half of gestation is a period of rapid development of the cortical GABAergic system that continues into early infancy. This period corresponds to the peak window of vulnerability to perinatal hypoxia-ischemia in which GABAergic neurons are potentially developmentally susceptible, including in the preterm infant.

Indexed as

Cerebral CortexAge FactorsAutoradiographyCell CountCell MovementChild, PreschoolCritical Period, PsychologicalFemaleFetusgamma-Aminobutyric AcidGlutamate DecarboxylaseHumansInfantInfant, NewbornMaleNerve Fibers, Myelinatedgamma-Aminobutyric AcidGlutamate Decarboxylaseglutamate decarboxylase 1glutamate decarboxylase 2Nerve Tissue ProteinsReceptors, GABA

Identifiers

PMID21937910
PMCPMC3193835

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.