ReviewSeminars in immunology2012
B cells in cardiac transplants: from clinical questions to experimental models.
Review in Seminars in immunology, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 10 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
10 citing papers in PubMed, 21 citations in OpenAlex.
- Novel insights and an updated review of metabolic syndrome in immune-mediated organ transplant rejection.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- Epicardial fat volume is related to the degree of cardiac allograft vasculopathy.European radiology · 2023Article
- B cell clonal expansion within immune infiltrates in human cardiac allograft vasculopathy.American journal of transplantation : official journal of the American Society of Transplantation and the American Society of Transplant Surgeons · 2020Article
- Effector B cells in cardiac allograft vasculopathy.Current opinion in organ transplantation · 2019Review
- New insights on innate B-cell immunity in transplantation.Xenotransplantation · 2018Review
- Prevalence of polyreactive innate clones among graft--infiltrating B cells in human cardiac allograft vasculopathy.The Journal of heart and lung transplantation : the official publication of the International Society for Heart Transplantation · 2018Article
- Characterization of transfusion-elicited acute antibody-mediated rejection in a rat model of kidney transplantation.American journal of transplantation : official journal of the American Society of Transplantation and the American Society of Transplant Surgeons · 2014Article
- Reactive follicular lymphoid infiltrate: a new condition to exclude in patients with PET positivity inside the heart.Journal of nuclear cardiology : official publication of the American Society of Nuclear Cardiology · 2014Article
- Alloantibody induced platelet responses in transplants: potent mediators in small packages.Human immunology · 2012Review
- Targeting the intragraft microenvironment and the development of chronic allograft rejection.Human immunology · 2012Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
After many years of debate, there is now general agreement that B cells can participate in the immune response to cardiac transplants. Acute antibody-mediated rejection (AMR) is the best defined manifestation of B cell responses, but diagnostic and mechanistic questions still surround AMR. Many complement dependent mechanisms of antibody-mediated injury have been elucidated. C5 has become a therapeutic target that may not just truncate complement activation, but also may tip the balance away from inflammation by altering macrophage function. Additional complement independent effects have been identified. These may escape diagnosis and progress to chronic graft injury. The function of B cell infiltrates in cardiac transplants is even more enigmatic. Nodular endocardial infiltrates that contain B cells and plasma cells have been described in protocol biopsies of cardiac transplants for decades, but an understanding of their significance is still evolving based on more critical morphological and molecular evaluation of these infiltrates. A range of infiltrates containing B cells has also been described in the epicardial fat in transplants with advanced chronic rejection. B cells have been observed in endocardial and epicardial tertiary lymphoid nodules, but their impact on antigen presentation or antibody production remains to be determined. Experimental models in small and large animals suggest that B cells could be essential for the formation of lymphoid nodules through cytokine production. Similarly, the role of proinflammatory adipokines in the formation or function of epicardial lymphoid nodules has not been studied. These clinical observations provide critical questions to be addressed in experimental models.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.