Evidence map›Paper›PMID 21935486›Full record

ArticlePloS one2011

Protection against tuberculosis in Eurasian wild boar vaccinated with heat-inactivated Mycobacterium bovis.

Joseba M Garrido, Iker A Sevilla, Beatriz Beltrán-Beck, Esmeralda Minguijón, Cristina Ballesteros, Ruth C Galindo, Mariana Boadella, Konstantin P Lyashchenko, Beatriz Romero, Maria Victoria Geijo and 6 more

Open access · goldAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in PloS one, 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 67 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
67citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
3.8field-weighted citation impact, top 6% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

67 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 125 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Trial
  3. Article
  4. Phagocytosis ofInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2026
    Article
  5. Article
  6. Article
  7. Article
  8. Article
  9. Article
  10. Article
  11. Complement system activation in wild boar (Frontiers in veterinary science · 2025
    Article
  12. Article
  13. Article
  14. Review
  15. Article
  16. Article
  17. Article
  18. Article
  19. Article
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7 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

16 authors at 5 institutions in 2 countries.

Joseba M GarridoNEIKER-Tecnalia, Animal Health Department, Derio, Bizkaia, Spain.
Iker A Sevilla
Beatriz Beltrán-Beck
Esmeralda Minguijón
Cristina Ballesteros
Ruth C Galindo
Mariana Boadella
Konstantin P Lyashchenko
Beatriz Romero
Maria Victoria Geijo
Francisco Ruiz-Fons
Alicia Aranaz
Ramón A Juste
Joaquín Vicente
José de la Fuente
Christian Gortázar
Instituto de Investigación en Recursos Cinegéticos · ESEuskadiko Parke Teknologikoa · ESUniversidad Complutense de Madrid · ESChembio (United States) · USTecnalia · ES

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Tuberculosis (TB) caused by Mycobacterium bovis and closely related members of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex continues to affect humans and animals worldwide and its control requires vaccination of wildlife reservoir species such as Eurasian wild boar (Sus scrofa). Vaccination efforts for TB control in wildlife have been based primarily on oral live BCG formulations. However, this is the first report of the use of oral inactivated vaccines for controlling TB in wildlife. In this study, four groups of 5 wild boar each were vaccinated with inactivated M. bovis by the oral and intramuscular routes, vaccinated with oral BCG or left unvaccinated as controls. All groups were later challenged with a field strain of M. bovis. The results of the IFN-gamma response, serum antibody levels, M. bovis culture, TB lesion scores, and the expression of C3 and MUT genes were compared between these four groups. The results suggested that vaccination with heat-inactivated M. bovis or BCG protect wild boar from TB. These results also encouraged testing combinations of BCG and inactivated M. bovis to vaccinate wild boar against TB. Vaccine formulations using heat-inactivated M. bovis for TB control in wildlife would have the advantage of being environmentally safe and more stable under field conditions when compared to live BCG vaccines. The antibody response and MUT expression levels can help differentiating between vaccinated and infected wild boar and as correlates of protective response in vaccinated animals. These results suggest that vaccine studies in free-living wild boar are now possible to reveal the full potential of protecting against TB using oral M. bovis inactivated and BCG vaccines.

Indexed as

Hot TemperatureSus scrofaAnimalsCattleMycobacterium bovisTuberculosis, BovineVaccinationVaccines, InactivatedVaccines, Inactivated

Identifiers

PMID21935486
PMCPMC3173485
OpenAlexW2051560487

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.