ArticlePloS one2011
Medroxyprogesterone acetate alters Mycobacterium bovis BCG-induced cytokine production in peripheral blood mononuclear cells of contraceptive users.
Article in PloS one, 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 22 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
22 citing papers in PubMed, 33 citations in OpenAlex.
- Effect of Depot Medoxyprogesterone Acetate on Immune Functions and Inflammatory Markers of HIV-Infected Women.Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999) · 2016Trial
- Lower concentrations of chemotactic cytokines and soluble innate factors in the lower female genital tract associated with the use of injectable hormonal contraceptive.Journal of reproductive immunology · 2015Trial
- Plasma concentration of injectable contraceptive correlates with reduced cervicovaginal growth factor expression in South African women.Mucosal immunology · 2020Article
- Depot medroxyprogesterone acetate and norethisterone enanthate differentially impact T-cell responses and expression of immunosuppressive markers.American journal of reproductive immunology (New York, N.Y. : 1989) · 2020Article
- Differential metabolism of clinically-relevant progestogens in cell lines and tissue: Implications for biological mechanisms.The Journal of steroid biochemistry and molecular biology · 2019Article
- The Injectable Contraceptive Medroxyprogesterone Acetate Attenuates Mycobacterium tuberculosis-Specific Host Immunity Through the Glucocorticoid Receptor.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2019Article
- Pharmacokinetic, biologic and epidemiologic differences in MPA- and NET-based progestin-only injectable contraceptives relative to the potential impact on HIV acquisition in women.Contraception · 2019Article
- The contraceptive medroxyprogesterone acetate, unlike norethisterone, directly increases R5 HIV-1 infection in human cervical explant tissue at physiologically relevant concentrations.Scientific reports · 2019Article
- Medroxyprogesterone Acetate Decreases Th1, Th17, and Increases Th22 Responses via AHR Signaling Which Could Affect Susceptibility to Infections and Inflammatory Disease.Frontiers in immunology · 2019Article
- Diabetes screen during tuberculosis contact investigations highlights opportunity for new diabetes diagnosis and reveals metabolic differences between ethnic groups.Tuberculosis (Edinburgh, Scotland) · 2018Article
- TB epidemiology: where are the young women? Know your tuberculosis epidemic, know your response.BMC public health · 2018Article
- Is a lower-dose, subcutaneous contraceptive injectable containing depot medroxyprogesterone acetate likely to impact women's risk of HIV?Contraception · 2018Article
- Hormonal Contraception and HIV-1 Acquisition: Biological Mechanisms.Endocrine reviews · 2018Review
- Article
- Changes in Host Immune-Endocrine Relationships during Tuberculosis Treatment in Patients with Cured and Failed Treatment Outcomes.Frontiers in immunology · 2017Article
- Medroxyprogesterone acetate impairs human dendritic cell activation and function.Human reproduction (Oxford, England) · 2015Article
- Effect of hormonal contraception on the function of plasmacytoid dendritic cells and distribution of immune cell populations in the female reproductive tract.Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999) · 2015Article
- Medroxyprogesterone acetate differentially regulates interleukin (IL)-12 and IL-10 in a human ectocervical epithelial cell line in a glucocorticoid receptor (GR)-dependent manner.The Journal of biological chemistry · 2014Article
- Effect of progestins on immunity: medroxyprogesterone but not norethisterone or levonorgestrel suppresses the function of T cells and pDCs.Contraception · 2014Article
- The contraceptive depot medroxyprogesterone acetate impairs mycobacterial control and inhibits cytokine secretion in mice infected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis.Infection and immunity · 2013Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
8 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Most individuals latently infected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M.tb) contain the infection by a balance of effector and regulatory immune responses. This balance can be influenced by steroid hormones such as glucocorticoids. The widely used contraceptive medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA) possesses glucocorticoid activity. We investigated the effect of this hormone on immune responses to BCG in household contacts of active TB patients. Multiplex bead array analysis revealed that MPA demonstrated both glucocorticoid and progestogenic properties at saturating and pharmacological concentrations in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and suppressed antigen specific cytokine production. Furthermore we showed that PBMCs from women using MPA produced significantly lower levels of IL-1α, IL-12p40, IL-10, IL-13 and G-CSF in response to BCG which corresponded with lower numbers of circulating monocytes observed in these women. Our research study is the first to show that MPA impacts on infections outside the genital tract due to a systemic effect on immune function. Therefore MPA use could alter susceptibility to TB, TB disease severity as well as change the efficacy of new BCG-based vaccines, especially prime-boost vaccine strategies which may be administered to adult or adolescent women in the future.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.