SynthesisPloS one2011
Minor physical anomalies in patients with schizophrenia, unaffected first-degree relatives, and healthy controls: a meta-analysis.
Synthesis in PloS one, 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 20 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
20 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Specificity of environmental risk factors for schizophrenia, bipolar disorders, and depressive disorders - umbrella review.Psychological medicine · 2025Pooled it
- Dissecting Schizophrenia Biology Using Pleiotropy With Cognitive Genomics.Biological psychiatry · 2025Pooled it
- Meta-analysis of glucose tolerance, insulin, and insulin resistance in antipsychotic-naïve patients with nonaffective psychosis.Schizophrenia research · 2017Pooled it
- Study of minor physical anomalies in complete nuclear Mexican families. Evidence of neurodevelopmental problems in schizophrenia.PloS one · 2015Trial
- Rare Presentation of Schizophrenia in a Patient with Congenital Right Lung Agenesis: A Case Report.Indian journal of psychological medicine · 2025Article
- Minor physical anomalies and social cognition in patients with schizophrenia and their first degree relatives.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2025Article
- 'Whole-Body' Perspectives of Schizophrenia and Related Psychotic Illness: miRNA-143 as an Exemplary Molecule Implicated across Multi-System Dysfunctions.Biomolecules · 2024Review
- Dissecting Schizophrenia Biology Using Pleiotropy with Cognitive Genomics.medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2024Article
- 25 years into research with the Méhes Scale, a comprehensive scale of modern dysmorphology.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2024Review
- Biomarkers for Psychosis: Are We There Yet? Umbrella Review of 1478 Biomarkers.Schizophrenia bulletin open · 2024Article
- Development and validation of a web-based prediction tool on minor physical anomalies for schizophrenia.Schizophrenia (Heidelberg, Germany) · 2022Article
- Refining the resolution of craniofacial dysmorphology in bipolar disorder as an index of brain dysmorphogenesis.Psychiatry research · 2020Article
- Minor Physical Anomalies Among Schizophrenic Patients as a Biomarker of Its Developmental Origin in Northwest Ethiopia.Neuropsychiatric disease and treatment · 2020Article
- Are There Any Biomarkers for Pedophilia and Sexual Child Abuse? A Review.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2019Review
- Observational
- What causes psychosis? An umbrella review of risk and protective factors.World psychiatry : official journal of the World Psychiatric Association (WPA) · 2018Article
- Translational Genetic Modelling of 3D Craniofacial Dysmorphology: Elaborating the Facial Phenotype of Neurodevelopmental Disorders Through the "Prism" of Schizophrenia.Current behavioral neuroscience reports · 2017Review
- Article
- Perinatal Risks and Childhood Premorbid Indicators of Later Psychosis: Next Steps for Early Psychosocial Interventions.Schizophrenia bulletin · 2015Review
- Fetal programming of schizophrenia: select mechanisms.Neuroscience and biobehavioral reviews · 2015Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundMinor physical anomalies (MPAs) have been found to be more prevalent in schizophrenia than control participants in numerous studies and may index a potential endophenotype for schizophrenia.
aimTo quantitatively define the magnitude of the difference in total MPA scores between patients with schizophrenia and healthy controls; to determine the degree of manifestation in unaffected first-degree relatives compared to patients and controls; and to investigate the degree of sensitivity among individual MPA items.
methodsA systematic search was conducted on the literature pertaining to MPAs in patients with schizophrenia and unaffected relatives. Effect sizes (Cohen's d and odds ratios) and corresponding confidence intervals were combined using the Comprehensive Meta-Analysis software package.
resultsA large difference was found when examining 14 studies comprising 1207 patients with schizophrenia and 1007 healthy controls (d = 0.95, 95% CI = 0.63, 1.27). Six studies involving relatives of individuals with schizophrenia showed a medium effect size (d = 0.45, 95% CI = 0.29,0.62) between patients and relatives, but a small and non-significant effect size (d = 0.32, 95% CI = -0.08, 0.73) between relatives and controls. The majority of MPAs items showed significant odds ratios (1.26-9.86) in comparing patients and controls.
conclusionsThe findings indicate that medium effect size of MPAs have been demonstrated in patients with schizophrenia as compared to healthy controls, and to a lesser extent in unaffected relatives. These findings are consistent with the idea that MPAs may represent a putative endophenotype for schizophrenia. However, more research including first-degree family members is warranted.
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Registered trials
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