ArticlePLoS pathogens2011
Discovery of the first insect nidovirus, a missing evolutionary link in the emergence of the largest RNA virus genomes.
Article in PLoS pathogens, 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 135 papers.
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Who cites it
135 citing papers in PubMed, 203 citations in OpenAlex.
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- Giant RNA genomes: Roles of host, translation elongation, genome architecture, and proteome in nidoviruses.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2025Article
- Unchecked growth: Pushing the limits on RNA virus genome size in the absence of known proofreading.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2024Article
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- Exploring mosquito virome dynamics within São Paulo Zoo: insights into mosquito-virus-environment interactions.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2024Article
- Tracking arboviruses, their transmission vectors and potential hosts by nanopore sequencing of mosquitoes.Microbial genomics · 2024Article
- Finding potential inhibitors for Main protease (Mpro) of SARS-CoV-2 through virtual screening and MD simulation studies.Saudi journal of biological sciences · 2023Article
- An overview on medicinal plants used for combating coronavirus: Current potentials and challenges.Journal of agriculture and food research · 2023Article
- SARS-CoV-2 entry into and evolution within a skilled nursing facility.Scientific reports · 2023Article
- Research Progress on NSP11 of Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus.Veterinary sciences · 2023Review
- A meta-transcriptomic study of mosquito virome and blood feeding patterns at the human-animal-environment interface in Guangdong Province, China.One health (Amsterdam, Netherlands) · 2023Article
- Composition and global distribution of the mosquito virome - A comprehensive database of insect-specific viruses.One health (Amsterdam, Netherlands) · 2023Article
75 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
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Authors and funding
14 authors at 3 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Nidoviruses with large genomes (26.3-31.7 kb; 'large nidoviruses'), including Coronaviridae and Roniviridae, are the most complex positive-sense single-stranded RNA (ssRNA+) viruses. Based on genome size, they are far separated from all other ssRNA+ viruses (below 19.6 kb), including the distantly related Arteriviridae (12.7-15.7 kb; 'small nidoviruses'). Exceptionally for ssRNA+ viruses, large nidoviruses encode a 3'-5'exoribonuclease (ExoN) that was implicated in controlling RNA replication fidelity. Its acquisition may have given rise to the ancestor of large nidoviruses, a hypothesis for which we here provide evolutionary support using comparative genomics involving the newly discovered first insect-borne nidovirus. This Nam Dinh virus (NDiV), named after a Vietnamese province, was isolated from mosquitoes and is yet to be linked to any pathology. The genome of this enveloped 60-80 nm virus is 20,192 nt and has a nidovirus-like polycistronic organization including two large, partially overlapping open reading frames (ORF) 1a and 1b followed by several smaller 3'-proximal ORFs. Peptide sequencing assigned three virion proteins to ORFs 2a, 2b, and 3, which are expressed from two 3'-coterminal subgenomic RNAs. The NDiV ORF1a/ORF1b frameshifting signal and various replicative proteins were tentatively mapped to canonical positions in the nidovirus genome. They include six nidovirus-wide conserved replicase domains, as well as the ExoN and 2'-O-methyltransferase that are specific to large nidoviruses. NDiV ORF1b also encodes a putative N7-methyltransferase, identified in a subset of large nidoviruses, but not the uridylate-specific endonuclease that - in deviation from the current paradigm - is present exclusively in the currently known vertebrate nidoviruses. Rooted phylogenetic inference by Bayesian and Maximum Likelihood methods indicates that NDiV clusters with roniviruses and that its branch diverged from large nidoviruses early after they split from small nidoviruses. Together these characteristics identify NDiV as the prototype of a new nidovirus family and a missing link in the transition from small to large nidoviruses.
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