ArticlePLoS biology2011
Natural killer cell lytic granule secretion occurs through a pervasive actin network at the immune synapse.
Article in PLoS biology, 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 153 papers.
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Who cites it
153 citing papers in PubMed, 233 citations in OpenAlex.
- Discovery and preclinical evaluation of monoclonal antibodies and bispecific engagers targeting the NKG2A inhibitory receptor.Science advances · 2026Article
- Immune-related actinopathies at the cross-road of immunodeficiency, autoimmunity and autoinflammation.Nature reviews. Immunology · 2026Review
- MINFLUX nanoscopy to study the NK cell immune synapse.Methods in cell biology · 2026Article
- CLASP1/2 regulate immune synapse maturation in natural killer cells.Journal of leukocyte biology · 2025Article
- Mechanoregulation of lymphocyte cytotoxicity.Nature reviews. Immunology · 2025Review
- Cancer cells suppress NK cell activity by actin-driven polarization of inhibitory ligands to the immunological synapse.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2025Article
- Immunological synapse: structures, molecular mechanisms and therapeutic implications in disease.Signal transduction and targeted therapy · 2025Review
- Single-chain variable fragment affinity tuning can optimize anti-AML CAR-NK cell functionality.Journal for immunotherapy of cancer · 2025Article
- Overcoming CD226-related immune evasion in acute myeloid leukemia with CD38 CAR-engineered NK cells.Cell reports · 2025Article
- Xianling Lianxia formula improves the efficacy of trastuzumab by enhancing NK cell-mediated ADCC in HER2-positive BC.Journal of pharmaceutical analysis · 2024Article
- Single-cell topographical profiling of the immune synapse reveals a biomechanical signature of cytotoxicity.Science immunology · 2024Article
- Venetoclax acts as an immunometabolic modulator to potentiate adoptive NK cell immunotherapy against leukemia.Cell reports. Medicine · 2024Article
- CD56/NCAM mediates cell migration of human NK cells by promoting integrin-mediated adhesion turnover.Molecular biology of the cell · 2024Article
- β-Actin G342D as a Cause of NK Cell Deficiency Impairing Lytic Synapse Termination.Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) · 2024Article
- STAT3 in acute myeloid leukemia facilitates natural killer cell-mediated surveillance.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Article
- Factors contributing to the potency of CD8Trends in immunology · 2023Review
- Actin cytoskeleton remodeling at the cancer cell side of the immunological synapse: good, bad, or both?Frontiers in immunology · 2023Review
- Assessment of membrane lipid state at the natural killer cell immunological synapse.Methods in cell biology · 2023Article
- The immune synapses reveal aberrant functions of CD8 T cells during chronic HIV infection.Nature communications · 2022Article
- Phollow the phosphoinositol: Actin dynamics at the B cell immune synapse.The Journal of cell biology · 2022Article
93 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Accumulation of filamentous actin (F-actin) at the immunological synapse (IS) is a prerequisite for the cytotoxic function of natural killer (NK) cells. Subsequent to reorganization of the actin network, lytic granules polarize to the IS where their contents are secreted directly toward a target cell, providing critical access to host defense. There has been limited investigation into the relationship between the actin network and degranulation. Thus, we have evaluated the actin network and secretion using microscopy techniques that provide unprecedented resolution and/or functional insight. We show that the actin network extends throughout the IS and that degranulation occurs in areas where there is actin, albeit in sub-micron relatively hypodense regions. Therefore we propose that granules reach the plasma membrane in clearances in the network that are appropriately sized to minimally accommodate a granule and allow it to interact with the filaments. Our data support a model whereby lytic granules and the actin network are intimately associated during the secretion process and broadly suggest a mechanism for the secretion of large organelles in the context of a cortical actin barrier.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.