Evidence map›Paper›PMID 21931448›Full record

ArticleAmerican journal of pharmaceutical education2011

Pharmacy students' retention of knowledge of drug-drug interactions.

Adrienne M Gilligan, Terri L Warholak, John E Murphy, Lisa E Hines, Daniel C Malone

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in American journal of pharmaceutical education, 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 7 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
7citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

7 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Article
  3. Article
  4. Article
  5. Evaluation of community pharmacists' knowledge about drug-drug interaction in Central Saudi Arabia.Saudi pharmaceutical journal : SPJ : the official publication of the Saudi Pharmaceutical Society · 2019
    Article
  6. A model for curricular quality assessment and improvement.American journal of pharmaceutical education · 2011
    Article
  7. Positive educational impact of mandatory student teaching sessions.American journal of pharmaceutical education · 2011
    Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors.

Adrienne M GilliganThe University of Arizona College of Pharmacy, Tucson, 85721, USA.
Terri L Warholak
John E Murphy
Lisa E Hines
Daniel C Malone

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

objectivesTo evaluate pharmacy students' drug-drug interaction (DDI) knowledge retention over 1 year and to determine whether presenting DDI vignettes increased knowledge retention.

methodsA knowledge assessment tool was distributed to fourth-year pharmacy students before and after completing a DDI educational session. The questionnaire was re-administered after 1 year to assess knowledge retention. During the intervening year, students had the option of presenting DDI case vignettes to preceptors and other health professionals as part of their advanced pharmacy practice experiences (APPEs).

resultsThirty-four of 78 pharmacy students completed both the post-intervention and 1-year follow-up assessments. Students' knowledge of 4 DDI pairs improved, knowledge of 3 DDI pairs did not change, and knowledge of the remainder of DDI pairs decreased. Average scores of the 18 students who completed all tests and presented at least 1 vignette during their APPEs were higher on the 1-year follow-up assessment than students who did not, suggesting greater DDI knowledge retention (p = 0.04).

conclusionAlthough pharmacy students' overall DDI knowledge decreased in the year following an educational session, those who presented vignettes to health professionals retained more DDI knowledge, particularly on those DDIs for which they gave presentations. Other methods to enhance pharmacy students' retention of DDI knowledge of clinically important DDIs are needed.

Indexed as

Drug InteractionsEducation, PharmacyRetention, PsychologyAdultEducational MeasurementFemaleFollow-Up StudiesHealth Knowledge, Attitudes, PracticeHealth OccupationsHumansLinear ModelsMaleStudents, PharmacySurveys and Questionnairesassessmentdrug-drug interaction

Identifiers

PMID21931448
PMCPMC3175677

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.