ArticleMolecular psychiatry2013
Socioeconomic position predicts long-term depression trajectory: a 13-year follow-up of the GAZEL cohort study.
Article in Molecular psychiatry, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 44 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Who cites it
44 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 112 citations in OpenAlex.
- Social inequalities in antidepressant treatment outcomes: a systematic review.Social psychiatry and psychiatric epidemiology · 2020Pooled it
- Heterogeneity in long-term trajectories of depressive symptoms: Patterns, predictors and outcomes.Journal of affective disorders · 2016Pooled it
- A randomized trial of collaborative depression care in obstetrics and gynecology clinics: socioeconomic disadvantage and treatment response.The American journal of psychiatry · 2015Trial
- Partnership Quality and Mental Health Among Older Adults in England Amid the COVID-19 Pandemic.Journal of applied gerontology : the official journal of the Southern Gerontological Society · 2026Article
- Reinitiation of antidepressant pharmacotherapy among patients discharged from the hospital: A population-based cohort study.PLOS mental health · 2026Article
- Mediating role of psychological distress and alcohol use in socioeconomic disparities in deaths of despair: a causal mediation analysis using record linkage data.Journal of epidemiology and community health · 2025Article
- Employing the X-Learner Algorithm to Evaluate the Intervention Effects of Physical Activity on Determinants of Elderly Mental Health.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Prevalence of Depressive Symptoms and Its Association with Religiosity and Spiritual Intelligence Among Adults in Rural Puducherry, India: A Community-Based Study.Journal of religion and health · 2025Article
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- Relationship between cognitive ability and emotional problems in the context of poverty: a Nigerian adolescent twin study.European child & adolescent psychiatry · 2024Article
- Life-Course Socioeconomic Position and Mild Cognitive Impairment in Midlife: Evidence from the 1958 British Birth Cohort.Journal of epidemiology and global health · 2024Article
- The differential role of socioeconomic status dimensions in depressive symptoms of aging adults: data from the Hamburg City Health cohort Study.Frontiers in public health · 2024Article
- Using digital phenotyping to capture depression symptom variability: detecting naturalistic variability in depression symptoms across one year using passively collected wearable movement and sleep data.Translational psychiatry · 2023Article
- A Study on the Relationship between Depression Change Types and Suicide Ideation before and after COVID-19.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- Article
- Stressful life events and trajectories of depression symptoms in a U.S. military cohort.Scientific reports · 2022Article
- Developmental Trajectory of Depressive Symptoms in Chinese College Students: Latent Classes and Gender Effect.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Article
- Socioeconomic status, alcohol use disorders, and depression: A population-based study.Journal of affective disorders · 2022Article
- The trajectories of depression symptoms and comorbidity in knee osteoarthritis subjects.Clinical rheumatology · 2022Article
- High-order brain functional network for electroencephalography-based diagnosis of major depressive disorder.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2022Article
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 4 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Individuals with low socioeconomic position have high rates of depression; however, it is not clear whether this reflects higher incidence or longer persistence of disorder. Past research focused on high-risk samples, and risk factors of long-term depression in the population are less well known. Our aim was to test the hypothesis that socioeconomic position predicts depression trajectory over 13 years of follow-up in a community sample. We studied 12 650 individuals participating in the French GAZEL study. Depression was assessed by the Center for Epidemiological Studies-Depression scale in 1996, 1999, 2002, 2005 and 2008. These five assessments served to estimate longitudinal depression trajectories (no depression, decreasing depression, intermediate/increasing depression, persistent depression). Socioeconomic position was measured by occupational grade. Covariates included year of birth, marital status, tobacco smoking, alcohol consumption, body mass index, negative life events and preexisting psychological and non-psychological health problems. Data were analyzed using multinomial regression, separately in men and women. Overall, participants in intermediate and low occupational grades were significantly more likely than those in high grades to have an unfavorable depression trajectory and to experience persistent depression (age-adjusted ORs: respectively 1.40, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.16-1.70 and 2.65, 95% CI 2.04-3.45 in men, 2.48, 95% CI 1.36-4.54 and 4.53, 95% CI 2.38-8.63 in women). In multivariate models, the socioeconomic gradient in long-term depression decreased by 21-59% in men and women. Long-term depression trajectories appear to follow a socioeconomic gradient; therefore, efforts aiming to reduce the burden of depression should address the needs of the whole population rather than exclusively focus on high-risk groups.
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