ArticleBMC genomics2011
Histological and global gene expression analysis of the 'lactating' pigeon crop.
Article in BMC genomics, 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 19 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
19 citing papers in PubMed, 57 citations in OpenAlex.
- Enhancing Growth and Gut Health in Squabs: The Impact of Fermented Mixed Feed.Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2024Article
- Effects of Supplementing Drinking Water of Parental Pigeons withAnimals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2024Article
- Comprehensive Transcriptomic and Metabolomic Analysis Revealed the Functional Differences in Pigeon Lactation between Male and Female during the Reproductive Cycle.Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2023Article
- Pigeon during the Breeding Cycle: Behaviors, Composition and Formation of Crop Milk, and Physiological Adaptation.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
- Spatio-temporal transcriptome dynamics coordinate rapid transition of core crop functions in 'lactating' pigeon.PLoS genetics · 2023Article
- Prolactin promotes crop epithelial proliferation of domestic pigeons (Columba livia) through the Hippo signaling pathway.Journal of animal science · 2023Article
- Hepcidin Gene Co-Option Balancing Paternal Immune Protection and Male Pregnancy.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Article
- Exploration of Proteomics Analysis of Crop Milk in Pigeons (ACS omega · 2021Article
- Identification of microRNA-Associated-ceRNA Networks Regulating Crop Milk Production in Pigeon (Genes · 2020Article
- Age-Related Changes in Serum Lipid Levels, Hepatic Morphology, Antioxidant Status, Lipid Metabolism Related Gene Expression and Enzyme Activities of Domestic Pigeon Squabs (Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2020Article
- Article
- Analysis of Long Non-Coding RNAs and mRNAs Associated with Lactation in the Crop of Pigeons (Genes · 2020Article
- The Composition and Function of Pigeon Milk Microbiota Transmitted From Parent Pigeons to Squabs.Frontiers in microbiology · 2020Article
- Targeted disruption of TORC1 retards young squab growth by inhibiting the synthesis of crop milk protein in breeding pigeon (Columba livia).Poultry science · 2020Article
- Exploration of exosomal microRNA expression profiles in pigeon 'Milk' during the lactation period.BMC genomics · 2018Article
- Proceedings of the 2015 National Toxicology Program Satellite Symposium.Toxicologic pathology · 2016Article
- Amelioration of reproduction-associated oxidative stress in a viviparous insect is critical to prevent reproductive senescence.PloS one · 2014Article
- Transcriptome analysis of pigeon milk production - role of cornification and triglyceride synthesis genes.BMC genomics · 2013Article
- Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
8 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundBoth male and female pigeons have the ability to produce a nutrient solution in their crop for the nourishment of their young. The production of the nutrient solution has been likened to lactation in mammals, and hence the product has been called pigeon 'milk'. It has been shown that pigeon 'milk' is essential for growth and development of the pigeon squab, and without it they fail to thrive. Studies have investigated the nutritional value of pigeon 'milk' but very little else is known about what it is or how it is produced. This study aimed to gain insight into the process by studying gene expression in the 'lactating' crop.
resultsMacroscopic comparison of 'lactating' and non-'lactating' crop reveals that the 'lactating' crop is enlarged and thickened with two very obvious lateral lobes that contain discrete rice-shaped pellets of pigeon 'milk'. This was characterised histologically by an increase in the number and depth of rete pegs extending from the basal layer of the epithelium to the lamina propria, and extensive proliferation and folding of the germinal layer into the superficial epithelium. A global gene expression profile comparison between 'lactating' crop and non-'lactating' crop showed that 542 genes are up-regulated in the 'lactating' crop, and 639 genes are down-regulated. Pathway analysis revealed that genes up-regulated in 'lactating' crop were involved in the proliferation of melanocytes, extracellular matrix-receptor interaction, the adherens junction and the wingless (wnt) signalling pathway. Gene ontology analysis showed that antioxidant response and microtubule transport were enriched in 'lactating' crop.
conclusionsThere is a hyperplastic response in the pigeon crop epithelium during 'lactation' that leads to localised cellular stress and expression of antioxidant protein-encoding genes. The differentiated, cornified cells that form the pigeon 'milk' are of keratinocyte lineage and contain triglycerides that are likely endocytosed as very low density lipoprotein (VLDL) and repackaged as triglyceride in vesicles that are transported intracellularly by microtubules. This mechanism is an interesting example of the evolution of a system with analogies to mammalian lactation, as pigeon 'milk' fulfils a similar function to mammalian milk, but is produced by a different mechanism.
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