ArticleJournal of genetic counseling2012
Family physicians' awareness and knowledge of the Genetic Information Non-Discrimination Act (GINA).
Article in Journal of genetic counseling, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 30 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
30 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- General practitioners' (GPs) experience, attitudes and needs on clinical genetic services: a systematic review.Family medicine and community health · 2022Pooled it
- Awareness, knowledge, perceptions, and attitudes towards genetic testing for cancer risk among ethnic minority groups: a systematic review.BMC public health · 2017Pooled it
- Primary-care providers' perceived barriers to integration of genetics services: a systematic review of the literature.Genetics in medicine : official journal of the American College of Medical Genetics · 2015Pooled it
- Public knowledge of and attitudes toward genetics and genetic testing.Genetic testing and molecular biomarkers · 2013Trial
- Revolutionising Cardio-Oncology Care with Precision Genomics.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- The effect of genetic education on the referral of patients to genetic evaluation: Findings from a national survey of nephrologists.Genetics in medicine : official journal of the American College of Medical Genetics · 2023Article
- The persistent lack of knowledge and misunderstanding of the Genetic Information Nondiscrimination Act (GINA) more than a decade after passage.Genetics in medicine : official journal of the American College of Medical Genetics · 2021Article
- Parental Attitudes Toward Clinical Genomic Sequencing in Children With Critical Cardiac Disease.Pediatric critical care medicine : a journal of the Society of Critical Care Medicine and the World Federation of Pediatric Intensive and Critical Care Societies · 2021Article
- Genetic testing and insurance implications: Surveying the US general population about discrimination concerns and knowledge of the Genetic Information Nondiscrimination Act (GINA).Risk management and insurance review · 2021Article
- A comparative study of patients' perceptions of genetic and genomic medicine services in California and Malaysia.Journal of community genetics · 2019Article
- User engagement with web-based genomics education videos and implications for designing scalable patient education materials.AMIA ... Annual Symposium proceedings. AMIA Symposium · 2019Article
- Why Patients Decline Genomic Sequencing Studies: Experiences from the CSER Consortium.Journal of genetic counseling · 2018Article
- Ethical Issues in Contemporary Clinical Genetics.Mayo Clinic proceedings. Innovations, quality & outcomes · 2018Article
- The Undergraduate Training in Genomics (UTRIG) Initiative: early & active training for physicians in the genomic medicine era.Personalized medicine · 2018Article
- Views Of Primary Care Providers On Testing Patients For Genetic Risks For Common Chronic Diseases.Health affairs (Project Hope) · 2018Article
- Genomic translational research: Paving the way to individualized cardiac functional analyses and personalized cardiology.International journal of cardiology · 2017Review
- Evolution of Hereditary Breast Cancer Genetic Services: Are Changes Reflected in the Knowledge and Clinical Practices of Florida Providers?Genetic testing and molecular biomarkers · 2016Article
- Pharmacogenetics in Cardiovascular Medicine.Current genetic medicine reports · 2016Article
- Confidentiality & the Risk of Genetic Discrimination: What Surgeons Need to Know.Surgical oncology clinics of North America · 2015Review
- Public awareness of genetic nondiscrimination laws in four states and perceived importance of life insurance protections.Journal of genetic counseling · 2015Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Historically, physicians have expressed concern about their patients' risk of genetic discrimination, which has acted as a barrier to uptake of genetic services. The Genetic Information Nondiscrimination Act of 2008 (GINA) is intended to protect patients against employer and health insurance discrimination. Physicians' awareness and knowledge of GINA has yet to be evaluated. In 2009, we mailed surveys to 1500 randomly selected members of the American Academy of Family Physicians. Questions measured physicians' current knowledge of GINA and their level of concern for genetic discrimination. In total, 401 physicians completed the survey (response rate 26.9%). Approximately half (54.5%) of physicians had no awareness of GINA. Of physicians who reported basic knowledge of GINA, the majority were aware of the protections offered for group health insurance (92.7%), private health insurance (82.9%), and employment (70.7%). Fewer physicians were aware of GINA's limitations regarding life insurance (53.7%) and long-term care insurance (58.8%). Physicians demonstrated highest levels of concern for health insurance, life insurance, and long-term care insurance discrimination, with less concern for employer and family/social discrimination. Level of concern for the risk of genetic discrimination did not correlate significantly with awareness of GINA. Approximately 17 months after GINA was signed into federal law, physicians' knowledge remained limited regarding the existence of this legislation and relevant details. Physicians who are aware of GINA continue to have significant concerns regarding the risk of genetic discrimination. This study reveals the need to further educate physicians about the existence of GINA and the protections offered.
Indexed as
Identifiers
21927977What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.