ArticleDevelopmental cognitive neuroscience2011
Atomoxetine facilitates attentional set shifting in adolescent rats.
Article in Developmental cognitive neuroscience, 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 28 papers.
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Who cites it
28 citing papers in PubMed, 55 citations in OpenAlex.
- Improving response inhibition in Parkinson's disease with atomoxetine.Biological psychiatry · 2015Trial
- Detrimental effects of atomoxetine on visual signal detection in rats: comparison with ADHD psychomotor stimulant drugs.Psychopharmacology · 2026Article
- SK609, a novel dopamine D3 receptor agonist and norepinephrine transporter blocker with putative pro-cognitive actions, does not induce psychostimulant-like increases in risky choice during probabilistic discounting.Psychopharmacology · 2025Article
- Alcohol, flexible behavior, and the prefrontal cortex: Functional changes underlying impaired cognitive flexibility.Neuropharmacology · 2024Review
- Pharmacological Modulation of Cognitive Test Solution in Mice of Two Genotypes.Doklady. Biochemistry and biophysics · 2024Article
- Aerobic exercise improves cognitive flexibility and modulates regional volume changes in a rat model of autism.Behavioural brain research · 2024Article
- Adolescent female valproic acid rats have impaired extra-dimensional shifts of attention and enlarged anterior cingulate cortices.Brain research · 2023Article
- Acute vagus nerve stimulation enhances reversal learning in rats.Neurobiology of learning and memory · 2021Article
- Automatic Intra-/Extra-Dimensional Attentional Set-Shifting Task in Adolescent Mice.Frontiers in behavioral neuroscience · 2021Article
- Prenatal Protein Malnutrition Produces Resistance to Distraction Similar to Noradrenergic Deafferentation of the Prelimbic Cortex in a Sustained Attention Task.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2019Article
- Article
- Prefrontal cortex executive processes affected by stress in health and disease.Progress in neuro-psychopharmacology & biological psychiatry · 2018Review
- Control of behavioral flexibility by the lateral habenula.Pharmacology, biochemistry, and behavior · 2017Review
- Perseveration in a spatial-discrimination serial reversal learning task is differentially affected by MAO-A and MAO-B inhibition and associated with reduced anxiety and peripheral serotonin levels.Psychopharmacology · 2017Article
- Noradrenergic Modulation of Cognition in Health and Disease.Neural plasticity · 2017Review
- Age-related changes in prefrontal norepinephrine transporter density: The basis for improved cognitive flexibility after low doses of atomoxetine in adolescent rats.Brain research · 2016Article
- Evidence for a specialized role of the locus coeruleus noradrenergic system in cortical circuitries and behavioral operations.Brain research · 2016Review
- Differentiation of rodent behavioral phenotypes and methylphenidate action in sustained and flexible attention tasks.Brain research · 2016Article
- Atomoxetine accelerates attentional set shifting without affecting learning rate in the rat.Psychopharmacology · 2015Article
- Attention enhancing effects of methylphenidate are age-dependent.Experimental gerontology · 2015Article
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Adolescent rats show immaturities in executive function and are less able than adult rats to learn reinforcement reversals and shift attentional set. These two forms of executive function rely on the functional integrity of the orbitofrontal and prelimbic cortices respectively. Drugs used to treat attention deficit disorder, such as atomoxetine, that increase cortical catecholamine levels improve executive functions in humans, non-human primates and adult rats with prefrontal lesions. Cortical noradrenergic systems are some of the last to mature in primates and rats. Moreover, norepinephrine transporters (NET) are higher in juvenile rats than adults. The underdeveloped cortical noradrenergic system and higher number of NET are hypothesized to underlie the immaturities in executive function found in adolescents. We assessed executive function in male Long-Evans rats using an intra-dimensional/extradimensional set shifting task. We administered the NET blocker, atomoxetine (0.0, 0.1, 0.9 mg/kg/ml; i.p.), prior to the test of attentional set shift and a reinforcement reversal. The lowest dose of drug facilitated attentional set shifting but had no effect on reversal learning. These data demonstrate that NET blockade allows adolescent rats to more easily perform attentional set shifting.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.