ArticleBlood2011
PGE2 promotes angiogenesis through EP4 and PKA Cγ pathway.
Article in Blood, 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 70 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
70 citing papers in PubMed, 120 citations in OpenAlex.
- The update of prostaglandin E2 receptor subtype 4 (EP4) in inflammatory diseases.Genes & diseases · 2026Review
- Endothelial Epac1 facilitates YAP/TAZ controlled melanoma growth and angiogenesis.Angiogenesis · 2026Article
- Prostaglandins: Key players in immunomodulation of the nervous system.Neural regeneration research · 2026Article
- Pro-Angiogenic Response to OsteoBiolBioengineering (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Celecoxib Inhibits Vasculogenic Mimicry and Induces Apoptosis in the D17 Canine Osteosarcoma Cell Line via the COX-2/PGE2 Signaling Axis.Veterinary sciences · 2026Article
- Prostaglandin E2 inhibits adipogenesis through the cilia-dependent activation of ROCK2.Journal of cell science · 2025Article
- Neonatally-derived multipotent Islet-1+ Mesp1+FOXA2+ stem cell clones restore cardiac function in sheep.Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine · 2025Article
- EP4 receptor stimulation in combination with core decompression therapy enhanced bone regeneration in a canine model of osteonecrosis of femoral head.Frontiers in bioengineering and biotechnology · 2025Article
- Cobalt ions-derived nanoenzyme array for endosseous neural network reconstruction and osseointegration.Bioactive materials · 2024Article
- Prostanoid signaling in retinal vascular diseases.Prostaglandins & other lipid mediators · 2024Review
- On Connective Tissue Mast Cells as Protectors of Life, Reproduction, and Progeny.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
- Role of EP4 factor in paediatric type 1 diabetes mellitus: a comprehensive review focusing on the honeymoon period.Pediatric endocrinology, diabetes, and metabolism · 2024Review
- The microsomal prostaglandin E synthase-1/prostaglandin E2 axis induces recovery from ischaemia via recruitment of regulatory T cells.Cardiovascular research · 2023Article
- Role of functional fatty acids in modulation of reproductive potential in livestock.Journal of animal science and biotechnology · 2023Review
- Modulation of fetoplacental growth, development and reproductive function by endocrine disrupters.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2023Review
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- Lipids and Long Chain Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids in Preterm Infants.Clinics in perinatology · 2022Review
- PGE2 activates EP4 in subchondral bone osteoclasts to regulate osteoarthritis.Bone research · 2022Article
- Therapeutic potential of Ferula foetida(Bunge) Regel on gastric ulcer model in rats.Environmental science and pollution research international · 2022Article
10 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Inflammation is increasingly recognized as a critical mediator of angiogenesis, and unregulated angiogenic response is involved in human diseases, including cancer. Proinflammatory prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) is secreted by many cell types and plays important roles in the process of angiogenesis via activation of cognate EP1-4 receptors. Here, we provide evidence that PGE2 promotes the in vitro tube formation of human microvascular endothelial cells, ex vivo vessel outgrowth of aortic rings, and actual in vivo angiogenesis. Use of EP subtype-selective agonists and antagonists suggested EP4 mediates the prostaglandin-induced tube formation, and this conclusion was substantiated with small interfering RNA to specifically knockdown the EP4 expression. EP4 couples to Gαs, leading to activation of protein kinase A (PKA). Inhibition of PKA activity or knockdown of PKA catalytic subunit γ with RNAi attenuates the PGE2-induced tube formation. Further, knocking down the expression of Rap1A, HSPB6, or endothelial NO synthase, which serve as PKA-activatable substrates, inhibits the tube formation, whereas knockdown of RhoA or glycogen synthase kinase 3β that are inactivated after phosphorylation by PKA increases the tube formation. These results support the existence of EP4-to-PKA angiogenic signal and provide rationale for use of selective EP4 signal inhibitors as a probable strategy to control pathologic angiogenesis.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.