ArticleBiological psychology2012
Racial differences in sleep architecture: the role of ethnic discrimination.
Article in Biological psychology, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 83 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
83 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Discrimination and sleep: a systematic review.Sleep medicine · 2016Pooled it
- Self-reported experiences of discrimination and health: scientific advances, ongoing controversies, and emerging issues.Annual review of clinical psychology · 2015Pooled it
- People with IBD evidence more microarousals during sleep architecture assessments.BMJ open gastroenterology · 2023Trial
- Trial
- Sleep Quality, Sleep Hygiene Behaviors, and Psychosocial Determinants Among Undergraduate Students in South-Eastern Bangladesh: A Cross-Sectional Study.Public health challenges · 2026Article
- Sleep and daily pain intensity among Black and White dementia caregivers.Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association · 2026Article
- Article
- Discrimination, psychosocial resources, and sleep: A test of the reserve capacity model.Health psychology : official journal of the Division of Health Psychology, American Psychological Association · 2025Article
- An ecological analysis of sleep health across five African-origin populations spanning the epidemiologic transition.Sleep health · 2025Article
- Black Men's Patient-Clinician Experiences: Pathways to Enhanced Healthcare Outcomes in the United States.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Pathways to maternal health inequities: Structural racism, sleep, and physiological stress.Brain, behavior, and immunity · 2025Review
- Developmental links between ethnic and racial discrimination and sleep.Child development perspectives · 2024Article
- Elevated pain sensitivity is associated with reduced rapid eye movement (REM) sleep in females with comorbid temporomandibular disorder and insomnia.Pain medicine (Malden, Mass.) · 2024Article
- Effect of daily discrimination on naturalistic sleep health features in young adults.Health psychology : official journal of the Division of Health Psychology, American Psychological Association · 2024Article
- Discrimination and Cardiovascular Health in Black Americans: Exploring Inflammation as a Mechanism and Perceived Control as a Protective Factor.Psychosomatic medicine · 2024Article
- Obstructive Sleep Apnea and Alzheimer's Disease Pathology: Is Sleep Architecture the Missing Key?Journal of Alzheimer's disease : JAD · 2024Review
- How our longitudinal employment patterns might shape our health as we approach middle adulthood-US NLSY79 cohort.PloS one · 2024Article
- Longitudinal Associations Between Sleep and Cognitive Function in a Cohort of Older Puerto Rican Adults: Sex and Age Interactions.The journals of gerontology. Series A, Biological sciences and medical sciences · 2023Article
- Preliminary Evidence for the Sequentially Mediated Effect of Racism-Related Stress on Pain Sensitivity Through Sleep Disturbance and Corticolimbic Opioid Receptor Function.The journal of pain · 2023Article
- Association between discrimination in the workplace and insomnia symptoms.Annals of occupational and environmental medicine · 2023Article
23 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
Abstract
African Americans have been consistently shown to have less deep (slow wave sleep; SWS) and more light (Stages 1 and 2) sleep than Caucasian Americans. This paper explored whether discrimination, a stressor that uniquely impacts certain ethnic groups, contributes to differences in sleep architecture. The sleep of 164 African and Caucasian Americans was examined with laboratory based polysomnography (PSG). Experiences of perceived discrimination (The Scale of Ethnic Experience) and sociodemographic factors were also assessed. After adjusting for age, body mass index (BMI), socioeconomic status (SES) and smoking status, African Americans slept approximately 4.5% more total sleep time (TST) in Stage 2 sleep and 4.7% less TST in SWS than Caucasian Americans (ps<.05). Perceived discrimination was a partial mediator of ethnic differences in sleep architecture. Individuals who reported experiencing more discrimination slept more time in Stage 2 and less time in SWS (ps<.05). Results suggest that the impact of stress related to ethnic group membership plays a part in explaining differences in sleep architecture.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.