Evidence map›Paper›PMID 21925323›Full record

ArticleCell2011

Sperm methylation profiles reveal features of epigenetic inheritance and evolution in primates.

Antoine Molaro, Emily Hodges, Fang Fang, Qiang Song, W Richard McCombie, Gregory J Hannon, Andrew D Smith

Open access · bronzeAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Cell, 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 228 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
228citing papers in PubMed
15.2field-weighted citation impact, top 1% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

228 citing papers in PubMed, 440 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Article
  2. Article
  3. Germline hypomethylation shapes dynamic CpG reservoirs in ape genomes.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026
    Article
  4. On the state of chromatin in mammalian sperm.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026
    Article
  5. Uncovering alterations in cancer epigenetics via trans-dimensional Markov chain Monte Carlo and hidden Markov models.Journal of the Royal Statistical Society. Series C, Applied statistics · 2026
    Article
  6. Review
  7. Methylation-associated mutagenesis underlies variation in the mutation spectrum across eukaryotes.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2026
    Article
  8. Article
  9. Article
  10. Article
  11. Transgenerational Impact of Environmental Change.Advances in experimental medicine and biology · 2026
    Review
  12. Article
  13. Article
  14. rDNA Copy Number Variation and Methylation in Human and Mouse Sperm.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025
    Article
  15. Article
  16. Article
  17. Article
  18. Review
  19. Article
  20. Article

168 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.

Antoine MolaroHoward Hughes Medical Institute, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, 1 Bungtown Road, Cold Spring Harbor, NY 11724, USA.
Emily Hodges
Fang Fang
Qiang Song
W Richard McCombie
Gregory J Hannon
Andrew D Smith
University of Southern California · USCold Spring Harbor Laboratory · USHoward Hughes Medical Institute · US

Funding

Epigenetic dynamics of developing germ cells and early embryosRC2HD064459 · NICHD · COLD SPRING HARBOR LABORATORY · PI GINGERAS, THOMAS RAYMOND, HANNON, GREGORY J · 2009 to 2010
$3.0M
Analytic tools to examine high-resolution and genome-scale DNA methylation dataR01HG005238 · NHGRI · UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA · PI SMITH, ANDREW DAVID · 2010 to 2013
$1.5M
Howard Hughes Medical InstituteNHGRI NIH HHS R01 HG005238NHGRI NIH HHS R01HG005238NICHD NIH HHS 1RC2HD064459NICHD NIH HHS RC2 HD064459
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

During germ cell and preimplantation development, mammalian cells undergo nearly complete reprogramming of DNA methylation patterns. We profiled the methylomes of human and chimp sperm as a basis for comparison to methylation patterns of ESCs. Although the majority of promoters escape methylation in both ESCs and sperm, the corresponding hypomethylated regions show substantial structural differences. Repeat elements are heavily methylated in both germ and somatic cells; however, retrotransposons from several subfamilies evade methylation more effectively during male germ cell development, whereas other subfamilies show the opposite trend. Comparing methylomes of human and chimp sperm revealed a subset of differentially methylated promoters and strikingly divergent methylation in retrotransposon subfamilies, with an evolutionary impact that is apparent in the underlying genomic sequence. Thus, the features that determine DNA methylation patterns differ between male germ cells and somatic cells, and elements of these features have diverged between humans and chimpanzees.

Indexed as

DNA MethylationEpigenesis, GeneticAnimalsCentromereEmbryonic Stem CellsGenomicsHumansMalePan troglodytesPrimatesPromoter Regions, GeneticSpermatozoa

Identifiers

PMID21925323
PMCPMC3205962
OpenAlexW2102868331

What OpenQuestion holds

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Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.