ArticleBehavioural brain research2012
Unpredictable saccharin reinforcement enhances locomotor responding to amphetamine.
Article in Behavioural brain research, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 30 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
30 citing papers in PubMed.
- Motivation, attention, and uncertainty: insights from animal and human research and implications for addiction.Frontiers in psychology · 2026Review
- 20 Years of Aberrant Salience in Psychosis: What Have We Learned?The American journal of psychiatry · 2025Review
- Unpredictable Drug Access and its Relevance for Substance Use Disorders: A Critical Review.Perspectives on behavior science · 2025Review
- The Incentive-Sensitization Theory of Addiction 30 Years On.Annual review of psychology · 2025Review
- DThe Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience · 2023Article
- Loss of GABA co-transmission from cholinergic neurons impairs behaviors related to hippocampal, striatal, and medial prefrontal cortex functions.Frontiers in behavioral neuroscience · 2022Article
- Unpredictability as a modulator of drug self-administration: Relevance for substance-use disorders.Behavioural processes · 2020Review
- Maladaptive consequences of repeated intermittent exposure to uncertainty.Progress in neuro-psychopharmacology & biological psychiatry · 2020Review
- Effects of exposure to chronic uncertainty and a sensitizing regimen of amphetamine injections on locomotion, decision-making, and dopamine receptors in rats.Neuropsychopharmacology : official publication of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology · 2020Article
- Patterns of gambling and substance use initiation in African American and White adolescents and young adults.Psychology of addictive behaviors : journal of the Society of Psychologists in Addictive Behaviors · 2020Article
- Using rodent models to understand interactions between gambling and substance use.Current opinion in behavioral sciences · 2020Article
- Can Slot-Machine Reward Schedules Induce Gambling Addiction in Rats?Journal of gambling studies · 2019Article
- Cued for risk: Evidence for an incentive sensitization framework to explain the interplay between stress and anxiety, substance abuse, and reward uncertainty in disordered gambling behavior.Cognitive, affective & behavioral neuroscience · 2019Review
- Increased motor impulsivity in a rat gambling task during chronic ropinirole treatment: potentiation by win-paired audiovisual cues.Psychopharmacology · 2019Article
- Neuroimaging of reward mechanisms in Gambling disorder: an integrative review.Molecular psychiatry · 2019Review
- Prior Exposure to Salient Win-Paired Cues in a Rat Gambling Task Increases Sensitivity to Cocaine Self-Administration and Suppresses Dopamine Efflux in Nucleus Accumbens: Support for the Reward Deficiency Hypothesis of Addiction.The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience · 2019Article
- Amphetamine primes enhanced motivation toward uncertain choices in rats with genetic alcohol preference.Psychopharmacology · 2018Article
- Dopaminergic Neurotransmission in Patients With Parkinson's Disease and Impulse Control Disorders: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of PET and SPECT Studies.Frontiers in neurology · 2018Article
- Uncertainty exposure causes behavioural sensitization and increases risky decision-making in male rats: toward modelling gambling disorder.Journal of psychiatry & neuroscience : JPN · 2017Article
- Exploring the role of locomotor sensitization in the circadian food entrainment pathway.PloS one · 2017Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Drug-naïve, non-deprived rats were trained to lever press for saccharin under fixed-ratio (FR) or variable-ratio (VR) schedules of reinforcement. Rats trained on the VR schedule in which saccharin reinforcement was not predicted by a fixed number of lever presses subsequently showed an enhanced locomotor response to a threshold amphetamine challenge injection (0.5mg/kg IP) administered 2 weeks following the last saccharin session. This finding suggests that chronic exposure to gambling-like conditions of uncertain reinforcement can induce neuroadaptations in brain reward systems that are similar to those produced by repeated psychostimulant exposure and may lead to the development of addictive behaviors.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.