Evidence map›Paper›PMID 21921839›Full record

ArticleBehavioural pharmacology2011

Some determinants of morphine effects on intracranial self-stimulation in rats: dose, pretreatment time, repeated treatment, and rate dependence.

Ahmad A Altarifi, Sidney Stevens Negus

Open access · greenAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Behavioural pharmacology, 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 46 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
46citing papers in PubMed
2.5field-weighted citation impact, top 11% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

46 citing papers in PubMed, 61 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Review
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.

Ahmad A AltarifiDepartment of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Virginia Commonwealth University, 410 North 12th Street, Richmond, VA 23298, USA.
Sidney Stevens Negus
Virginia Commonwealth University · US

Funding

Neurobiology and Treatment of PainR01NS070715 · NINDS · VIRGINIA COMMONWEALTH UNIVERSITY · PI NEGUS, SIDNEY S, SELLEY, DANA E · 2009 to 2018
$3.3M
NINDS NIH HHS R01 NS070715NINDS NIH HHS R01-NS070715
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Intracranial self-stimulation (ICSS) is a procedure used to evaluate the abuse liability of drugs. The μ opioid receptor agonist morphine is an acknowledged drug of abuse, and this study examined factors that may influence expression of abuse-related morphine effects on ICSS in rats. Adult male rats were equipped with intracranial electrodes targeting the medial forebrain bundle, and 10 stimulus frequencies (56-158 Hz in 0.05 log increments) were available during each daily session under a continuous reinforcement schedule. The primary dependent variable was the ICSS rate at each frequency. Under baseline conditions, the ICSS rate increased with frequency. After acute morphine (1-10 mg/kg), rate-decreasing effects predominated at early pretreatment times (10-30 min) and rate-increasing effects predominated at later pretreatment times (100-180 min). Acute morphine effects dissipated after 300 min. Repeated morphine (3.2-18 mg/kg/day×7 days at each dose) produced tolerance to rate-decreasing effects, enhanced expression of rate-increasing effects, and enhanced rate dependency of morphine effects. Withdrawal from repeated morphine produced small but significant dose-dependent decreases in ICSS. These results show that the magnitude and valence of morphine effects on rates of ICSS in rats are strongly influenced by morphine dose and pretreatment time, history of morphine exposure, and baseline ICSS rate.

Indexed as

Behavior, AnimalAnimalsBrainConditioning, PsychologicalDisease Models, AnimalDose-Response Relationship, DrugDrug Administration ScheduleDrug Evaluation, PreclinicalElectric StimulationElectrodes, ImplantedMaleMedial Forebrain BundleMorphineMorphine DependenceNarcoticsOpioid-Related DisordersMorphineNarcoticsReceptors, Opioid, mu

Identifiers

PMID21921839
PMCPMC3242512
OpenAlexW2006955424

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceTDM
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.