ArticleCerebrovascular diseases (Basel, Switzerland)2011
The correlates and course of depression in patients with lacunar stroke: results from the Secondary Prevention of Small Subcortical Strokes (SPS3) study.
Article in Cerebrovascular diseases (Basel, Switzerland), 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 18 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
18 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 42 citations in OpenAlex.
- Prevalence, Trajectory, and Factors Associated With Patient-Reported Nonmotor Outcomes After Stroke: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.JAMA network open · 2025Pooled it
- Cerebral Small-Vessel Disease and Risk of Incidence of Depression: A Meta-Analysis of Longitudinal Cohort Studies.Journal of the American Heart Association · 2020Pooled it
- Quality of life after lacunar stroke: the Secondary Prevention of Small Subcortical Strokes study.Journal of stroke and cerebrovascular diseases : the official journal of National Stroke AssociationTrial
- Multi-marker cerebral small vessel disease score and risk of incident depression: The Framingham Heart Study.Journal of affective disorders · 2026Article
- Prevalence of anxiety and depression following small subcortical ischemic stroke and their association with MRI-defined brain damage: The DHU-LAC cohort study.Cerebral circulation - cognition and behavior · 2025Article
- Article
- Depression symptoms in neurological patients: A survey of a large cohort of patients with focal brain lesions.Journal of clinical and experimental neuropsychology · 2022Article
- Understanding Why Post-Stroke Depression May Be the Norm Rather Than the Exception: The Anatomical and Neuroinflammatory Correlates of Post-Stroke Depression.Journal of clinical medicine · 2021Review
- Development and Validation of 3-Month Major Post-Stroke Depression Prediction Nomogram After Acute Ischemic Stroke Onset.Clinical interventions in aging · 2021Article
- Increased risk of cognitive impairment and more severe brain lesions in hypertensive compared to non-hypertensive patients with cerebral small vessel disease.Journal of clinical hypertension (Greenwich, Conn.) · 2018Article
- Differential relationships between apathy and depression with white matter microstructural changes and functional outcomes.Brain : a journal of neurology · 2015Article
- Long-term disability after lacunar stroke: secondary prevention of small subcortical strokes.Neurology · 2015Article
- Correlates of former smoking in patients with cerebrovascular disease: a cross-sectional study.BMJ open · 2015Article
- Racial and Ethnic Differences in Mental Distress among Stroke Survivors.Ethnicity & disease · 2015Article
- Depression in silent lacunar infarction: a cross-sectional study of its association with location of silent lacunar infarction and vascular risk factors.Neurological sciences : official journal of the Italian Neurological Society and of the Italian Society of Clinical Neurophysiology · 2014Article
- Sex differences in quality of life after ischemic stroke.Neurology · 2014Article
- Article
- [Clinical profile of post-cerebrovascular depression: descriptive cross-sectional study in the rehabilitation center for people with disabilities of Kinshasa (DR Congo)].The Pan African medical journal · 2014Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors at 6 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundLittle is known about post-stroke depression in patients with lacunar stroke due to cerebral small vessel disease. Our objectives were to describe the prevalence of depression, its correlates and to examine the course of depression over time in a cohort of patients with lacunar stroke, the majority of whom had mild functional disability.
methodsDepression was determined in participants in the international Secondary Prevention of Small Subcortical Strokes (SPS3) trial which is testing antiplatelet therapies and targets of blood pressure control in patients with lacunar strokes and assessing stroke recurrence and cognitive decline. Depression was evaluated using the Patient Health Questionnaire. Multivariable logistic regression models were fitted to examine the relationship between the covariates of interest and depression. Generalized estimating equations were used to examine the likelihood of depression over time, while accounting for the multiple measurements within each subject.
resultsThe prevalence of depression in 2,477 participants at approximately 4 months after stroke was 19%. Older age (OR 0.97; 95% CI 0.96-0.99), male gender (OR 0.62; 95% CI 0.48-0.80) and less cognitive impairment (OR 0.99; 95% CI 0.98-1.00) were independently associated with a lower risk of depression. Functional disability (OR 1.8; 95% CI 1.3-2.4), living with a spouse/family (OR 1.6; 95% CI 1.1-2.3) and risk factors for stroke (OR 1.2; 95% CI 1.0-1.3) were each independently associated with a higher risk of depression. Longitudinal modeling indicated that the likelihood of depression decreased by 1.12 times (95% CI 1.06-1.17) for each 1-year increase in time.
conclusionsOne fifth of those in the SPS3 trial cohort reported depression that is sustained over time. Although this is lower than the prevalence reported for stroke in general, these results underscore the importance of early screening for post-stroke depression, treatment and follow-up to minimize the negative consequences associated with depression.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.