ArticlePloS one2011
Helios expression is a marker of T cell activation and proliferation.
Article in PloS one, 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 227 papers.
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The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
227 citing papers in PubMed.
- Trial
- Immune Checkpoints in Circulating and Tumor-Infiltrating CD4Frontiers in immunology · 2019Trial
- Lactobacillus reuteri for Infants with Colic: A Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled, Randomized Clinical Trial.The Journal of pediatrics · 2017Trial
- Low-Dose Cyclophosphamide Induces Antitumor T-Cell Responses, which Associate with Survival in Metastatic Colorectal Cancer.Clinical cancer research : an official journal of the American Association for Cancer Research · 2017Trial
- Forkhead box protein 3(+) regulatory T cells and Helios(+) subset in perinatally acquired HIV.Clinical and experimental immunology · 2015Trial
- TCR γδ cell-specific STAT5 gain of function induces a druggable chronic human immune dysregulation.Journal of human immunity · 2026Article
- A homozygous CTLA-4 variant causes CTLA-4 deficiency with severe immune dysregulation.Journal of human immunity · 2026Article
- Human inherited RORγT deficiency encompasses genetic heterogeneity, T cell deficiency, and clinical homogeneity.medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2026Article
- Short-Chain Fatty Acids May Promote Regulatory T Cell Induction to Enhance Maternal Immune Tolerance in Early Pregnancy.Reproductive sciences (Thousand Oaks, Calif.) · 2026Article
- Regulatory T Cells in Hepatocellular Carcinoma: Spatial Niches, Biomarkers, and Clinical Implications.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Isolation of Pure Stable Human Treg Cells Based on Expression of GPA33.European journal of immunology · 2026Article
- Striking a balance: how the gut microbiome shapes the fate of intestinal CD4+ T cells.Discovery immunology · 2026Review
- A stage-based framework to interpret regulatory T cell biology after heart transplantation.Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine · 2026Review
- Delineating phenotypic heterogeneity in human regulatory T cells across developmental stages and therapeutic sources.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Regulatory T Cells and Nanomaterials: Dual Perspectives in Therapeutics and Immunomodulation.Small science · 2026Review
- Beyond FoxP3-Identification of a Chicken Regulatory T Cell Signature.European journal of immunology · 2025Article
- Tumor microenvironment remodeling with a telomere-targeting agent and its cooperative antitumor effects with a nanovaccine.Journal of nanobiotechnology · 2025Article
- BNT162b2 COVID-19 vaccination elicits the expansion of CD16The Journal of allergy and clinical immunology · 2025Article
- A Germline Heterozygous Dominant Negative IKZF2 Variant Causing Syndromic Primary Immune Regulatory Disorder and ICHAD.Journal of clinical immunology · 2025Article
- A Combination Therapy of Cyclophosphamide and Immunomodulating Agents in Cancer.Current cancer drug targets · 2025Review
167 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Foxp3+ T-regulatory cells (Tregs) normally serve to attenuate immune responses and are key to maintenance of immune homeostasis. Over the past decade, Treg cells have become a major focus of research for many groups, and various functional subsets have been characterized. Recently, the Ikaros family member, Helios, was reported as a marker to discriminate naturally occurring, thymic-derived Tregs from those peripherally induced from naïve CD4+ T cells. We investigated Helios expression in murine and human T cells under resting or activating conditions, using well-characterized molecules of naïve/effector/memory phenotypes, as well as a set of Treg-associated markers. We found that Helios-negative T cells are enriched for naïve T cell phenotypes and vice versa. Moreover, Helios can be induced during T cell activation and proliferation, but regresses in the same cells under resting conditions. We demonstrated comparable findings using human and murine CD4+Foxp3+ Tregs, as well as in CD4+ and CD8+ T cells. Since Helios expression is associated with T cell activation and cellular division, regardless of the cell subset involved, it does not appear suitable as a marker to distinguish natural and induced Treg cells.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.