ArticleNature2011
Synthetic chromosome arms function in yeast and generate phenotypic diversity by design.
Article in Nature, 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 218 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
218 citing papers in PubMed.
- Characterization of recombinase-based genetic parts and circuits using nanopore sequencing.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Synthetic Chromosomes in Yeast: A Platform for Understanding and Programming Eukaryotic Life.Microbial biotechnology · 2026Review
- Strategies and mechanisms of precision genome engineering: From gene editing to genome writing.iMetaOmics · 2026Review
- Large-scale genome structure interrogation via recombinase-mediated rearrangements of multiplexed prime edits in repetitive elements.Nature protocols · 2026Review
- One Yeast, Sixteen Synthetic Chromosomes, Infinite Possibilities.Yeast (Chichester, England) · 2026Review
- Synthetic rewriting of the IGH locus.Cell genomics · 2026Article
- Systems-Level Metabolic Regulation Strategies of Xylose Metabolism in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.Biotechnology journal · 2026Review
- Automated linear DNA assembly of A. thaliana's chloroplast and mitochondrial genome.Nucleic acids research · 2026Article
- Protein-only centromeric chromatin assembly streamlines human artificial chromosome formation.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Review
- Incomplete lineage sorting of segmental duplications defines the human chromosome 2 fusion site early during African great ape speciation.Cell genomics · 2026Article
- Synthetic rewriting technologies in mammalian cells.Nature communications · 2026Review
- From one genome to thousands, and beyond.FEMS yeast research · 2026Review
- Life beyond 6000 genes: from sequence to synthesis in a post-genomics era.FEMS yeast research · 2026Review
- Genetic Allee Effects for Controlling Invasive Populations.Molecular ecology · 2026Article
- EASY-C: Extraction and Analysis of Small Yeast Chromosomes-A rapid and universal platform for recovering artificial mini-chromosomes from synthetic Sc2.0 yeast and large plasmids fromSynthetic biology (Oxford, England) · 2026Article
- Building synthetic chromosomes one yeast at a time: insights from Sc2.0.Nature biotechnology · 2025Article
- Iterative SCRaMbLE for engineering synthetic genome modules and chromosomes.Nature communications · 2025Article
- Laboratory evolution of the bacterial genome structure through insertion sequence activation.Nucleic acids research · 2025Article
- The design and engineering of synthetic genomes.Nature reviews. Genetics · 2025Review
158 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
- Commented on by
- Commented on byYeast 2.0.2011
Authors and funding
15 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Recent advances in DNA synthesis technology have enabled the construction of novel genetic pathways and genomic elements, furthering our understanding of system-level phenomena. The ability to synthesize large segments of DNA allows the engineering of pathways and genomes according to arbitrary sets of design principles. Here we describe a synthetic yeast genome project, Sc2.0, and the first partially synthetic eukaryotic chromosomes, Saccharomyces cerevisiae chromosome synIXR, and semi-synVIL. We defined three design principles for a synthetic genome as follows: first, it should result in a (near) wild-type phenotype and fitness; second, it should lack destabilizing elements such as tRNA genes or transposons; and third, it should have genetic flexibility to facilitate future studies. The synthetic genome features several systemic modifications complying with the design principles, including an inducible evolution system, SCRaMbLE (synthetic chromosome rearrangement and modification by loxP-mediated evolution). We show the utility of SCRaMbLE as a novel method of combinatorial mutagenesis, capable of generating complex genotypes and a broad variety of phenotypes. When complete, the fully synthetic genome will allow massive restructuring of the yeast genome, and may open the door to a new type of combinatorial genetics based entirely on variations in gene content and copy number.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.