ArticleJournal of virology2011
Human T-cell lymphotropic virus type 3 (HTLV-3)- and HTLV-4-derived antisense transcripts encode proteins with similar Tax-inhibiting functions but distinct subcellular localization.
Article in Journal of virology, 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 20 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
20 citing papers in PubMed, 32 citations in OpenAlex.
- Origin and functional role of antisense transcription in endogenous and exogenous retroviruses.Retrovirology · 2023Review
- Article
- A newly identified interaction between nucleolar NPM1/B23 and the HTLV-I basic leucine zipper factor in HTLV-1 infected cells.Frontiers in microbiology · 2022Article
- Biochemical Characterization, Specificity and Inhibition Studies of HTLV-1, HTLV-2, and HTLV-3 Proteases.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Article
- Antisense Transcripts and Antisense Protein: A New Perspective on Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1.Frontiers in microbiology · 2020Review
- Antisense-Derived HIV-1 Cryptic Epitopes Are Not Major Drivers of Viral Evolution during the Acute Phase of Infection.Journal of virology · 2018Article
- Human T-cell lymphotropic virus type 1 and its oncogenesis.Acta pharmacologica Sinica · 2017Review
- The sense behind retroviral anti-sense transcription.Virology journal · 2017Article
- Permissive Sense and Antisense Transcription from the 5' and 3' Long Terminal Repeats of Human T-Cell Leukemia Virus Type 1.Journal of virology · 2016Article
- Enhanced Recognition of HIV-1 Cryptic Epitopes Restricted by HLA Class I Alleles Associated With a Favorable Clinical Outcome.Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999) · 2015Article
- Discovery and characterization of auxiliary proteins encoded by type 3 simian T-cell lymphotropic viruses.Journal of virology · 2015Article
- Human T-cell leukemia virus type 3 (HTLV-3) and HTLV-4 antisense-transcript-encoded proteins interact and transactivate Jun family-dependent transcription via their atypical bZIP motif.Journal of virology · 2014Article
- Conference highlights of the 16th International Conference on Human Retrovirology: HTLV and related retroviruses, 26-30 June 2013, Montreal, Canada.Retrovirology · 2014Article
- Highlights on distinctive structural and functional properties of HTLV Tax proteins.Frontiers in microbiology · 2013Review
- Detection of the HIV-1 minus-strand-encoded antisense protein and its association with autophagy.Journal of virology · 2013Article
- HTLV-3/4 and simian foamy retroviruses in humans: discovery, epidemiology, cross-species transmission and molecular virology.Virology · 2013Review
- Functional comparison of antisense proteins of HTLV-1 and HTLV-2 in viral pathogenesis.Frontiers in microbiology · 2013Article
- Interplay between the HTLV-2 Tax and APH-2 proteins in the regulation of the AP-1 pathway.Retrovirology · 2012Article
- HIV-1 antisense transcription is preferentially activated in primary monocyte-derived cells.Journal of virology · 2012Article
- The transcription profile of Tax-3 is more similar to Tax-1 than Tax-2: insights into HTLV-3 potential leukemogenic properties.PloS one · 2012Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The human T-cell lymphotropic virus (HTLV) retrovirus family is composed of the well-known HTLV type 1 (HTLV-1) and HTLV-2 and the most recently discovered HTLV-3 and HTLV-4. Like other retroviruses, HTLV-1 and HTLV-2 gene expression has been thought to be orchestrated through a single transcript. However, recent reports have demonstrated the unique potential of both HTLV-1 and HTLV-2 to produce an antisense transcript. Furthermore, these unexpected and newly identified transcripts lead to the synthesis of viral proteins termed HBZ (HTLV-1 basic leucine zipper) and APH-2 (antisense protein of HTLV-2), respectively. As potential open reading frames are present on the antisense strand of HTLV-3 and HTLV-4, we tested whether in vitro antisense transcription occurred in these viruses and whether these transcripts had a coding potential. Using HTLV-3 and HTLV-4 proviral DNA constructs, antisense transcripts were detected by reverse transcriptase PCR. These transcripts are spliced and polyadenylated and initiate at multiple sites from the 3' long terminal repeat (LTR). The resulting proteins, termed APH-3 and APH-4, are devoid of a typical basic leucine zipper domain but contain basic amino acid-rich regions. Confocal microscopy and Western blotting experiments demonstrated a nucleus-restricted pattern for APH-4, while APH-3 was localized both in the cytoplasm and in the nucleus. Both proteins showed partial colocalization with nucleoli and HBZ-associated structures. Finally, both proteins inhibited Tax1- and Tax3-mediated HTLV-1 and HTLV-3 LTR activation. These results further demonstrate that retroviral antisense transcription is not exclusive to HTLV-1 and HTLV-2 and that APH-3 and APH-4 could impact HTLV-3 and HTLV-4 replication.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.