ArticleJournal of virology2011
Vaccinia virus L2 protein associates with the endoplasmic reticulum near the growing edge of crescent precursors of immature virions and stabilizes a subset of viral membrane proteins.
Article in Journal of virology, 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 20 papers.
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Who cites it
20 citing papers in PubMed, 26 citations in OpenAlex.
- Lumpy Skin Disease Virus Pathogenesis: Viral Protein Functions and Comparative Insights from Vaccinia Virus.Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2025Review
- Temporal expression classes and functions of vaccinia virus and mpox (monkeypox) virus genes.mBio · 2025Review
- Assembly and Evolution of Poxviruses.Advances in experimental medicine and biology · 2024Review
- Structure-Function Analysis of Two Interacting Vaccinia Proteins That Are Critical for Viral Morphogenesis: L2 and A30.5.Journal of virology · 2022Article
- Insights into the Organization of the Poxvirus Multicomponent Entry-Fusion Complex from Proximity Analyses in Living Infected Cells.Journal of virology · 2021Article
- Vimentin as a target for the treatment of COVID-19.BMJ open respiratory research · 2020Article
- Article
- Enigmatic origin of the poxvirus membrane from the endoplasmic reticulum shown by 3D imaging of vaccinia virus assembly mutants.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2017Article
- Suppression of Poxvirus Replication by Resveratrol.Frontiers in microbiology · 2017Article
- Opposing Roles of Double-Stranded RNA Effector Pathways and Viral Defense Proteins Revealed with CRISPR-Cas9 Knockout Cell Lines and Vaccinia Virus Mutants.Journal of virology · 2016Article
- Vaccinia Virus B1 Kinase Is Required for Postreplicative Stages of the Viral Life Cycle in a BAF-Independent Manner in U2OS Cells.Journal of virology · 2015Article
- Poxvirus membrane biogenesis.Virology · 2015Review
- Review
- Direct formation of vaccinia virus membranes from the endoplasmic reticulum in the absence of the newly characterized L2-interacting protein A30.5.Journal of virology · 2013Article
- Association of the vaccinia virus A11 protein with the endoplasmic reticulum and crescent precursors of immature virions.Journal of virology · 2013Article
- Analysis of the role of vaccinia virus H7 in virion membrane biogenesis with an H7-deletion mutant.Journal of virology · 2013Article
- Analysis of viral membranes formed in cells infected by a vaccinia virus L2-deletion mutant suggests their origin from the endoplasmic reticulum.Journal of virology · 2013Article
- Biogenesis of the vaccinia virus membrane: genetic and ultrastructural analysis of the contributions of the A14 and A17 proteins.Journal of virology · 2013Article
- Vaccinia virus virion membrane biogenesis protein A11 associates with viral membranes in a manner that requires the expression of another membrane biogenesis protein, A6.Journal of virology · 2012Article
- Vaccinia virus A6 is essential for virion membrane biogenesis and localization of virion membrane proteins to sites of virion assembly.Journal of virology · 2012Article
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Authors and funding
3 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
The initial step in poxvirus morphogenesis, the formation of crescent membranes, occurs within cytoplasmic factories. L2 is one of several vaccinia virus proteins known to be necessary for formation of crescents and the only one synthesized early in infection. Virus replication was unaffected when the L2R open reading frame was replaced by L2R containing an N-terminal epitope tag while retaining the original promoter. L2 colocalized with the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) protein calnexin throughout the cytoplasm of infected and transfected cells. Topological studies indicated that the N terminus of L2 is exposed to the cytoplasm with the hydrophobic C terminus anchored in the ER. Using immunogold labeling and electron microscopy, L2 was detected in tubular membranes outside factories and inside factories near crescents and close to the edge or rim of crescents; a similar labeling pattern was found for the ER luminal protein disulfide isomerase (PDI). The phenotype of L2 conditional lethal mutants and the localization of L2 suggest that it participates in elongation of crescents by the addition of ER membrane to the growing edge. Small amounts of L2 and PDI were detected within immature and mature virions, perhaps trapped during assembly. The repression of L2, as well as A11 and A17, two other proteins that are required for viral crescent formation, profoundly decreased the stability of a subset of viral membrane proteins including those comprising the entry-fusion complex. To avoid degradation, these unstable membrane proteins may need to directly insert into the viral membrane or be rapidly shunted there from the ER.
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