SynthesisPloS one2011
Meta-analysis of the immunogenicity and tolerability of pandemic influenza A 2009 (H1N1) vaccines.
Synthesis in PloS one, 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 44 papers, 15 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
44 citing papers in PubMed, 15 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 94 citations in OpenAlex.
- Cardiac Function in Fetal Growth Restriction: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Prenatal diagnosis · 2026Pooled it
- Perinatal outcomes following single intrauterine death in monochorionic twin pregnancies complicated by twin anemia polycythemia sequence: Systematic review and meta-analysis.Acta obstetricia et gynecologica Scandinavica · 2026Pooled it
- Interventions to prevent preterm birth following fetoscopic laser surgery for twin-to-twin transfusion syndrome: systematic review and meta-analysis.Ultrasound in obstetrics & gynecology : the official journal of the International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology · 2025Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Efficacy and mortality of rotating sheaths versus laser sheaths for transvenous lead extraction: a meta-analysis.Journal of interventional cardiac electrophysiology : an international journal of arrhythmias and pacing · 2023Pooled it
- Monkeypox infection in pregnancy: a systematic review and metaanalysis.American journal of obstetrics & gynecology MFM · 2023Pooled it
- Safety of Influenza A H1N1pdm09 Vaccines: An Overview of Systematic Reviews.Frontiers in immunology · 2021Pooled it
- Vaccines for preventing influenza in healthy children.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2018Pooled it
- Industry sponsorship and research outcome.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2017Pooled it
- Nonobstructive Versus Obstructive Coronary Artery Disease in Acute Coronary Syndrome: A Meta-Analysis.Journal of the American Heart Association · 2016Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Immunogenicity and Safety of Intradermal Influenza Vaccine in the Elderly: A Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials.Drugs & aging · 2015Pooled it
- Systematic review of potential health risks posed by pharmaceutical, occupational and consumer exposures to metallic and nanoscale aluminum, aluminum oxides, aluminum hydroxide and its soluble salts.Critical reviews in toxicology · 2014Pooled it
- Vaccines for preventing influenza in healthy children.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2012Pooled it
- Effectiveness and harms of seasonal and pandemic influenza vaccines in children, adults and elderly: a critical review and re-analysis of 15 meta-analyses.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2012Pooled it
- Safety and Immunogenicity of Cell Culture-Derived A/H3N2 Variant Influenza Vaccines: A Phase I Randomized, Observer-Blind, Dose-Ranging Study.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2015Trial
- A dose-ranging study of MF59(®)-adjuvanted and non-adjuvanted A/H1N1 pandemic influenza vaccine in young to middle-aged and older adult populations to assess safety, immunogenicity, and antibody persistence one year after vaccination.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2014Trial
- A phase II study of an investigational tetravalent influenza vaccine formulation combining MF59®: adjuvanted, pre-pandemic, A/H5N1 vaccine and trivalent seasonal influenza vaccine in healthy adults.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2014Trial
- A randomized, controlled non-inferiority trial comparing A(H1N1)pmd09 vaccine antigen, with and without AS03 adjuvant system, co-administered or sequentially administered with an inactivated trivalent seasonal influenza vaccine.BMC infectious diseases · 2012Trial
- Evaluation of immune response following one dose of an AS03A-adjuvanted H1N1 2009 pandemic influenza vaccine in Japanese adults 65 years of age or older.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2012Trial
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 3 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundAlthough the 2009 (H1N1) influenza pandemic officially ended in August 2010, the virus will probably circulate in future years. Several types of H1N1 vaccines have been tested including various dosages and adjuvants, and meta-analysis is needed to identify the best formulation.
methodsWe searched MEDLINE, EMBASE, and nine clinical trial registries to April 2011, in any language for randomized clinical trials (RCTs) on healthy children, adolescents, adults and the elderly. Primary outcome was the seroconversion rate according to hemagglutinination-inhibition (HI); secondary outcomes were adverse events. For the primary outcome, we used head-to-head meta-analysis and multiple-treatments meta-analysis.
resultsEighteen RCTs could be included in all primary analyses, for a total of 76 arms (16,725 subjects). After 2 doses, all 2009 H1N1 split/subunit inactivated vaccines were highly immunogenic and overcome CPMP seroconversion criteria. After 1 dose only, all split/subunit vaccines induced a satisfactory immunogenicity (> = 70%) in adults and adolescents, while only some formulations showed acceptable results for children and elderly (non-adjuvanted at high-doses and oil-in-water adjuvanted vaccines). Vaccines with oil-in-water adjuvants were more immunogenic than both nonadjuvanted and aluminum-adjuvanted vaccines at equal doses and their immunogenicity at doses < = 6 µg (even with as little as 1.875 µg of hemagglutinin antigen) was not significantly lower than that achieved after higher doses. Finally, the rate of serious vaccine-related adverse events was low for all 2009 H1N1 vaccines (3 cases, resolved in 10 days, out of 22826 vaccinated subjects). However, mild to moderate adverse reactions were more (and very) frequent for oil-in-water adjuvanted vaccines.
conclusionsSeveral one-dose formulations might be valid for future vaccines, but 2 doses may be needed for children, especially if a low-dose non-adjuvanted vaccine is used. Given that 15 RCTs were sponsored by vaccine manufacturers, future trials sponsored by non-industry agencies and comparing vaccines using different types of adjuvants are needed.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.