ArticlePlant physiology2011
Glutamine synthetase is a molecular target of nitric oxide in root nodules of Medicago truncatula and is regulated by tyrosine nitration.
Article in Plant physiology, 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 50 papers.
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Who cites it
50 citing papers in PubMed, 126 citations in OpenAlex.
- Glutamine synthetase GLN1;5 and ACT domain repeat ACR1 functionally interact at the seed level in Arabidopsis thaliana.Protoplasma · 2026Article
- Nitric Oxide Regulates Multiple Signal Pathways in Plants via ProteinCurrent issues in molecular biology · 2025Review
- Mitochondrial alternative oxidase pathway helps in nitrooxidative stress tolerance in germinating chickpea.Journal of biosciences · 2024Article
- The Role of Glutamine Synthetase (GS) and Glutamate Synthase (GOGAT) in the Improvement of Nitrogen Use Efficiency in Cereals.Biomolecules · 2023Review
- HPlant, cell & environment · 2023Review
- Signaling by reactive molecules and antioxidants in legume nodules.The New phytologist · 2022Review
- Redox post-translational modifications and their interplay in plant abiotic stress tolerance.Frontiers in plant science · 2022Review
- Protein Tyrosine Nitration in Plant Nitric Oxide Signaling.Frontiers in plant science · 2022Review
- Posttranslational Modifications: Regulation of Nitrogen Utilization and Signaling.Plant & cell physiology · 2021Review
- Molecular responses of legumes to abiotic stress: post-translational modifications of proteins and redox signaling.Journal of experimental botany · 2021Review
- Nitrogen and Phosphorus Signaling and Transport During Legume-Rhizobium Symbiosis.Frontiers in plant science · 2021Review
- Nitric Oxide Detoxification by Mesorhizobium loti Affects Root Nodule Symbiosis with Lotus japonicus.Microbes and environments · 2021Article
- Tyrosine Nitration of Flagellins: a Response of Sinorhizobium meliloti to Nitrosative Stress.Applied and environmental microbiology · 2020Article
- Medicago truncatula Phytoglobin 1.1 controls symbiotic nodulation and nitrogen fixation via the regulation of nitric oxide concentration.The New phytologist · 2020Article
- Photosynthetic Metabolism and Nitrogen Reshuffling Are Regulated by Reversible Cysteine Thiol Oxidation Following Nitrogen Deprivation in Chlamydomonas.Plants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2020Article
- Reactive Sulfur Species Interact with Other Signal Molecules in Root Nodule Symbiosis inAntioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2020Article
- The Role of Nitric Oxide in Nitrogen Fixation by Legumes.Frontiers in plant science · 2020Review
- Plant Nitrate Reductases Regulate Nitric Oxide Production and Nitrogen-Fixing Metabolism During theFrontiers in plant science · 2020Article
- Regulation of Symbiotic Nitrogen Fixation in Legume Root Nodules.Plants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2019Review
- Nitric oxide molecular targets: reprogramming plant development upon stress.Journal of experimental botany · 2019Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) is emerging as an important regulatory player in the Rhizobium-legume symbiosis, but its biological role in nodule functioning is still far from being understood. To unravel the signal transduction cascade and ultimately NO function, it is necessary to identify its molecular targets. This study provides evidence that glutamine synthetase (GS), a key enzyme for root nodule metabolism, is a molecular target of NO in root nodules of Medicago truncatula, being regulated by tyrosine (Tyr) nitration in relation to active nitrogen fixation. In vitro studies, using purified recombinant enzymes produced in Escherichia coli, demonstrated that the M. truncatula nodule GS isoenzyme (MtGS1a) is subjected to NO-mediated inactivation through Tyr nitration and identified Tyr-167 as the regulatory nitration site crucial for enzyme inactivation. Using a sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, it is shown that GS is nitrated in planta and that its nitration status changes in relation to active nitrogen fixation. In ineffective nodules and in nodules fed with nitrate, two conditions in which nitrogen fixation is impaired and GS activity is reduced, a significant increase in nodule GS nitration levels was observed. Furthermore, treatment of root nodules with the NO donor sodium nitroprusside resulted in increased in vivo GS nitration accompanied by a reduction in GS activity. Our results support a role of NO in the regulation of nitrogen metabolism in root nodules and places GS as an important player in the process. We propose that the NO-mediated GS posttranslational inactivation is related to metabolite channeling to boost the nodule antioxidant defenses in response to NO.
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