Evidence map›Paper›PMID 21908903›Full record

ArticlePhysics in medicine and biology2011

Viscoelastic properties of soft gels: comparison of magnetic resonance elastography and dynamic shear testing in the shear wave regime.

R J Okamoto, E H Clayton, P V Bayly

Open access · greenAbstract readComparative Study
In one paragraph

Article in Physics in medicine and biology, 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 40 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
40citing papers in PubMed
5.2field-weighted citation impact, top 5% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

40 citing papers in PubMed, 97 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Compact Tabletop Magnetic Resonance Elastography for Mapping Soft Tissue Viscoelasticity.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026
    Article
  2. Article
  3. Article
  4. 3D rotational shear wave elasticity imaging (3D-RSWEI) in anisotropic lattice phantoms.Journal of the mechanical behavior of biomedical materials · 2025
    Article
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  6. Article
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  13. MR elastography: Principles, guidelines, and terminology.Magnetic resonance in medicine · 2021
    Review
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  15. Review
  16. Article
  17. Article
  18. Review
  19. Article
  20. Pre-clinical MR elastography: Principles, techniques, and applications.Journal of magnetic resonance (San Diego, Calif. : 1997) · 2018
    Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.

R J OkamotoDepartment of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Washington University in St. Louis, 1 Brookings Drive, Campus Box 1185, St Louis, MO 63130, USA. rjo@wustl.edu
E H Clayton
P V Bayly
Washington University in St. Louis · US

Funding

IN VIVO MEASUREMENT OF BRAIN BIOMECHANICSR01NS055951 · NINDS · WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY · PI BAYLY, PHILIP V · 2007 to 2017
$3.9M
MECHANICAL CHANGES IN THE DEVELOPING BRAINR21EB005834 · NIBIB · WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY · PI BAYLY, PHILIP V · 2009 to 2010
$410k
NIBIB NIH HHS R21 EB005834NINDS NIH HHS R01 NS055951
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Magnetic resonance elastography (MRE) is used to quantify the viscoelastic shear modulus, G*, of human and animal tissues. Previously, values of G* determined by MRE have been compared to values from mechanical tests performed at lower frequencies. In this study, a novel dynamic shear test (DST) was used to measure G* of a tissue-mimicking material at higher frequencies for direct comparison to MRE. A closed-form solution, including inertial effects, was used to extract G* values from DST data obtained between 20 and 200 Hz. MRE was performed using cylindrical 'phantoms' of the same material in an overlapping frequency range of 100-400 Hz. Axial vibrations of a central rod caused radially propagating shear waves in the phantom. Displacement fields were fit to a viscoelastic form of Navier's equation using a total least-squares approach to obtain local estimates of G*. DST estimates of the storage G' (Re[G*]) and loss modulus G″ (Im[G*]) for the tissue-mimicking material increased with frequency from 0.86 to 0.97 kPa (20-200 Hz, n = 16), while MRE estimates of G' increased from 1.06 to 1.15 kPa (100-400 Hz, n = 6). The loss factor (Im[G*]/Re[G*]) also increased with frequency for both test methods: 0.06-0.14 (20-200 Hz, DST) and 0.11-0.23 (100-400 Hz, MRE). Close agreement between MRE and DST results at overlapping frequencies indicates that G* can be locally estimated with MRE over a wide frequency range. Low signal-to-noise ratio, long shear wavelengths and boundary effects were found to increase residual fitting error, reinforcing the use of an error metric to assess confidence in local parameter estimates obtained by MRE.

Indexed as

Models, TheoreticalAnimalsElasticityElasticity Imaging TechniquesGelatinGlycerolHumansLeast-Squares AnalysisPhantoms, ImagingPoisson DistributionShear StrengthSignal-To-Noise RatioStress, MechanicalVibrationViscosityGelatinGlycerol

Identifiers

PMID21908903
PMCPMC3178746
OpenAlexW2094423440

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceTDM
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.