ArticleNeuro-oncology2011
Thymus-derived rather than tumor-induced regulatory T cells predominate in brain tumors.
Article in Neuro-oncology, 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 79 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
79 citing papers in PubMed, 121 citations in OpenAlex.
- Trial
- The intersection of chemokine signaling with the hallmarks of cancer in glioblastoma.Journal of neuro-oncology · 2026Review
- Regulatory T Cell Heterogeneity in the Steady State and Tumor.Immune network · 2026Review
- Glioblastoma stem cells as carriers of tumour memory: a strategy for personalised immunotherapy using tumour-infiltrating lymphocytes.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Spatiotemporal and metabolic heterogeneity of tumor-associated macrophages in glioblastoma: from single-cell insights to therapeutic targeting.Frontiers in cell and developmental biology · 2026Review
- Emerging trends in cell-based therapies: contemporary advances and ethical considerations in translational neurosurgical oncology.Journal of neuro-oncology · 2025Review
- Within and beyond the tumor: Mechanisms of glioblastoma-induced immunosuppression.Neuro-oncology advances · 2025Review
- Unraveling Glioblastoma Heterogeneity: Advancing Immunological Insights and Therapeutic Innovations.Brain sciences · 2025Review
- Advances in bioengineered CAR T/NK cell therapy for glioblastoma: Overcoming immunosuppression and nanotechnology-based strategies for enhanced CAR T/NK cell therapy.Bioengineering & translational medicine · 2025Review
- Gut microbiota depletion accelerates hematoma resolution and neurological recovery after intracerebral hemorrhage via p-coumaric acid-promoted Treg differentiation.Theranostics · 2025Article
- Exploring the Molecular Tumor Microenvironment and Translational Biomarkers in Brain Metastases of Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
- Review
- Checkpoint kinase 1/2 inhibition potentiates anti-tumoral immune response and sensitizes gliomas to immune checkpoint blockade.Nature communications · 2023Article
- Identification and Characterization of a Novel Indoleamine 2,3-Dioxygenase 1 Protein Degrader for Glioblastoma.Journal of medicinal chemistry · 2022Article
- Pre-Treatment and Preoperative Neutrophil-to-Lymphocyte Ratio Predicts Prognostic Value of Glioblastoma: A Meta-Analysis.Brain sciences · 2022Article
- Friends with Benefits: Chemokines, Glioblastoma-Associated Microglia/Macrophages, and Tumor Microenvironment.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Review
- HOXA-AS2 contributes to regulatory T cell proliferation and immune tolerance in glioma through the miR-302a/KDM2A/JAG1 axis.Cell death & disease · 2022Article
- Pregnancy and Tumour: The Parallels and Differences in Regulatory T Cells.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Review
- Review
- Review
19 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is a highly malignant brain tumor with an average survival time of 15 months. Previously, we and others demonstrated that CD4(+)FoxP3(+) regulatory T cells (Tregs) infiltrate human GBM as well as mouse models that recapitulate malignant brain tumors. However, whether brain tumor-resident Tregs are thymus-derived natural Tregs (nTregs) or induced Tregs (iTregs), by the conversion of conventional CD4(+) T cells, has not been established. To investigate this question, we utilized the i.c. implanted GL261 cell-based orthotopic mouse model, the RasB8 transgenic astrocytoma mouse model, and a human GBM tissue microarray. We demonstrate that Tregs in brain tumors are predominantly thymus derived, since thymectomy, prior to i.c. GL261 cell implantation, significantly decreased the level of Tregs in mice with brain tumors. Accordingly, most Tregs in human GBM and mouse brain tumors expressed the nTreg transcription factor, Helios. Interestingly, a significant effect of the brain tumor microenvironment on Treg lineage programming was observed, based on higher levels of brain tumor-resident Tregs expressing glucocorticoid-induced tumor necrosis factor receptor and CD103 and lower levels of Tregs expressing CD62L and CD45RB compared with peripheral Tregs. Furthermore, there was a higher level of nTregs in brain tumors that expressed the proliferative marker Ki67 compared with iTregs and conventional CD4(+) T cells. Our study demonstrates that future Treg-depleting therapies should aim to selectively target systemic rather than intratumoral nTregs in brain tumor-specific immunotherapeutic strategies.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.