ArticleJournal of neuroinflammation2011
Activation of matrix metalloproteinases following anti-Aβ immunotherapy; implications for microhemorrhage occurrence.
Article in Journal of neuroinflammation, 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 36 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
36 citing papers in PubMed, 64 citations in OpenAlex.
- Unwinding the Neurovascular Unit: The Vascular Extracellular Matrix and Mechanochemical Collagen Functionalization in Vascular Dementia.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Passive amyloid-β immunotherapy in Alzheimer's disease: a multicellular clearance system beyond plaque removal.Molecular neurodegeneration · 2026Review
- 4-methylumbelliferone attenuates amyloid pathology and learning deficits in the APP/PS1 mouse model.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Amyloid-related imaging abnormalities (ARIA) in anti-amyloid therapies for Alzheimer's disease: An update from the Alzheimer's Association ARIA workgroup.Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association · 2026Review
- Spatially resolved transcriptomic profiling identifies distinct signatures in parenchymal and vascular microenvironments in Alzheimer's Disease with Cerebral Amyloid Angiopathy.Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association · 2026Article
- Increased levels of HAPLN2, which anchors dense extracellular matrix, in the hippocampus of APOE4 targeted replacement mice.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
- Mouse models of Anti-Aβ immunotherapies.Molecular neurodegeneration · 2025Review
- Amyloid-related imaging abnormalities: manifestations, metrics and mechanisms.Nature reviews. Neurology · 2025Review
- Cerebral microbleeds in patients with COVID-19: is there an inevitable connection?Brain communications · 2024Review
- Mechanisms of ARIA: is it time to focus on the unique immune environment of the neurovascular unit?Molecular neurodegeneration · 2023Article
- Amyloid-β (Aβ) immunotherapy induced microhemorrhages are associated with activated perivascular macrophages and peripheral monocyte recruitment in Alzheimer's disease mice.Molecular neurodegeneration · 2023Article
- Metal Complexes as Promising Matrix Metalloproteinases Regulators.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Review
- Disturbed Matrix Metalloproteinases Activity in Age-Related Macular Degeneration.Advances in experimental medicine and biology · 2023Review
- The Chemical Biology of NO that Regulates Oncogenic Signaling and Metabolism: NOS2 and Its Role in Inflammatory Disease.Critical reviews in oncogenesis · 2023Review
- The Role of Extracellular Matrix in Human Neurodegenerative Diseases.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Review
- Alzheimer's Disease: An Update and Insights Into Pathophysiology.Frontiers in aging neuroscience · 2022Review
- Molecular Pathobiology of the Cerebrovasculature in Aging and in Alzheimers Disease Cases With Cerebral Amyloid Angiopathy.Frontiers in aging neuroscience · 2021Article
- The Important Interface Between Apolipoprotein E and Neuroinflammation in Alzheimer's Disease.Frontiers in immunology · 2020Review
- A therapeutic approach towards microRNA29 family in vascular diabetic complications: A boon or curse?Journal of diabetes and metabolic disorders · 2019Article
- Cerebral microhemorrhages: mechanisms, consequences, and prevention.American journal of physiology. Heart and circulatory physiology · 2017Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundAnti-Aβ immunotherapy is a promising approach to the prevention and treatment of Alzheimer's disease (AD) currently in clinical trials. There is extensive evidence, both in mice and humans that a significant adverse event is the occurrence of microhemorrhages. Also, vasogenic edema was reported in phase 2 of a passive immunization clinical trial. In order to overcome these vascular adverse effects it is critical that we understand the mechanism(s) by which they occur.
methodsWe have examined the matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) protein degradation system in two previously published anti-Aβ immunotherapy studies. The first was a passive immunization study in which we examined 22 month old APPSw mice that had received anti-Aβ antibodies for 1, 2 or 3 months. The second is an active vaccination study in which we examined 16 month old APPSw/NOS2-/- mice treated with Aβ vaccination for 4 months.
resultsThere is a significant activation of the MMP2 and MMP9 proteinase degradation systems by anti-Aβ immunotherapy, regardless of whether this is delivered through active vaccination or passive immunization. We have characterized this activation by gene expression, protein expression and zymography assessment of MMP activity.
conclusionsSince the MMP2 and MMP9 systems are heavily implicated in the pathophysiology of intracerbral hemorrhage, these data may provide a potential mechanism of microhemorrhage due to immunotherapy. Increased activity of the MMP system, therefore, is likely to be a major factor in increased microhemorrhage occurrence.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.