ArticleAIDS research and treatment2012
The Direct Medical Costs of Late Presentation (<350/mm) of HIV Infection over a 15-Year Period.
Article in AIDS research and treatment, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 46 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
46 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Gender difference in advanced HIV disease and late presentation according to European consensus definitions.Scientific reports · 2015Pooled it
- Acceptability, Usability, and Clinical Appropriateness of an AI-Powered Tool for Linkage to HIV Services After HIV Self-Testing in South Africa: Mixed Methods Evaluation.Journal of medical Internet research · 2026Article
- Examining Survival of People Diagnosed With HIV in Florida Between 2015 and 2021 After a Late, Delayed, or Timely Diagnosis.Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999) · 2026Article
- Risk factors for late HIV diagnosis in England, 2015-2023.HIV medicine · 2026Article
- Modeling the Public Health Impact of Improved Antiretroviral Therapy Restart Patterns Among People with HIV Who Have Discontinued Treatment.Journal of health economics and outcomes research · 2026Article
- The evolving HIV epidemic in Ontario, Canada: A retrospective analysis of new HIV diagnoses to identify subpopulations with persistent risk of HIV transmission.Canadian journal of public health = Revue canadienne de sante publique · 2025Article
- Empowering at-risk Thai adolescents and young adults: an observational study of "Stand By You" - a person-centred online service model for HIV self-screening, text-based counselling and linkage to care.Journal of the International AIDS Society · 2025Observational
- Pneumocystis Pneumonia-Is it Still a Threat Among People With Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)? A Danish HIV Cohort Study.Open forum infectious diseases · 2025Article
- Efficacy and safety of dolutegravir plus lamivudine for patients with late presentation of HIV-1 infection: a retrospective real-world cohort study in Southwest China.Frontiers in medicine · 2025Article
- Risk Factors for Late HIV Presentation in Patients Treated at a Single Belgian Reference Centre from 2018 to 2022.Infectious disease reports · 2024Article
- Article
- Estimating the risk of mortality attributable to recent late HIV diagnosis following admission to the intensive care unit: A single-centre observational cohort study.HIV medicine · 2022Observational
- Advanced HIV Infection in Treatment-Naïve Individuals: Effectiveness and Persistence of Recommended 3-Drug Regimens.Open forum infectious diseases · 2022Article
- Predictors of late presentation and advanced HIV disease among people living with HIV in Oman (2000-2019).BMC public health · 2021Article
- Understanding Reasons for HIV Late Diagnosis: A Qualitative Study Among HIV-Positive Individuals in Amsterdam, The Netherlands.AIDS and behavior · 2021Article
- Virologic Outcomes Among People Living With Human Immunodeficiency Virus With High Pretherapy Viral Load Burden Initiating on Common Core Agents.Open forum infectious diseases · 2021Article
- Identifying key elements to inform HIV-testing interventions for primary care in Belgium.Health promotion international · 2020Article
- Increasing the Offer, Shifting the Offer: Patients' Perspectives on Routinely Offering HIV Counseling and POC Testing in the Health Services Program of an Urban Community Health Centre.Frontiers in public health · 2020Article
- Feasibility of community-based HIV self-screening in South Africa: a demonstration project.BMC public health · 2019Article
- Missed opportunities for earlier diagnosis of HIV in British Columbia, Canada: A retrospective cohort study.PloS one · 2019Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
2 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
We describe the immediate- and longer-term direct medical costs of care for individuals diagnosed with HIV at CD4 counts <350/mm(3) ("late presenters"). We collected and stratified by initial CD4 count all inpatient, outpatient, and drug costs for all newly diagnosed patients accessing HIV care within Southern Alberta from 1/1/1995 to 1/1/2010. 59% of new patients were late presenters. We found significantly higher costs for late presenters, especially inpatient costs, during the first year after accessing care. Direct medical costs remained almost twice as high for late presenters in subsequent years compared to patients presenting with CD4 counts >350/mm(3) despite significantly their improved CD4 counts. The sustained high cost for late presenters has implications for recent recommendations for wider routine HIV testing and the earlier initiation of cART. Earlier diagnosis and treatment, while increasing the immediate expenditures within a population, may produce both direct and indirect cost savings in the longer term.
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