ArticleProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America2011
A small pool of vesicles maintains synaptic activity in vivo.
Article in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 64 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
64 citing papers in PubMed, 131 citations in OpenAlex.
- Differential recruitment of acetylcholine vesicle pools by electrical stimulation and KCl depolarization in cholinergic nerve terminals.FEBS letters · 2026Article
- Presynaptic Vesicles Supply Membrane for Axonal Bouton Enlargement during Long Term Potentiation.The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience · 2026Article
- Kv2-VAP interactions enhance presynaptic ER and mitochondrial calcium influx and the mobilization of vesicles from the reserve pool.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Physiological implications of phase separation in vesicle organization and trafficking.BMC biology · 2026Review
- The synaptic vesicle cluster as a controller of pre- and postsynaptic structure and function.The Journal of physiology · 2025Review
- Synaptic Vesicle Recycling at the Developing Presynapse.Journal of neurochemistry · 2025Review
- A practical protocol for correlative confocal fluorescence and transmission electron microscopy characterization of extracellular vesicles.Microbiology spectrum · 2025Article
- Dynamic regulation of vesicle pools in a detailed spatial model of the complete synaptic vesicle cycle.Science advances · 2025Article
- Functional and Structural Changes in Diaphragm Neuromuscular Junctions in Early Aging.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Article
- Parallel processing of quickly and slowly mobilized reserve vesicles in hippocampal synapses.eLife · 2024Article
- Phospholipids Differentially Regulate CaACS chemical biology · 2024Article
- Adaptor protein AP-3 produces synaptic vesicles that release at high frequency by recruiting phospholipid flippase ATP8A1.Nature neuroscience · 2023Article
- An approach for quantitative mapping of synaptic periactive zone architecture and organization.Molecular biology of the cell · 2023Article
- Article
- Synaptic retrograde regulation of the PKA-induced SNAP-25 and Synapsin-1 phosphorylation.Cellular & molecular biology letters · 2023Article
- Frequency-Dependent Engagement of Synaptic Vesicle Pools in the Mice Motor Nerve Terminals.Cellular and molecular neurobiology · 2023Article
- Elevated amyloid beta disrupts the nanoscale organization and function of synaptic vesicle pools in hippocampal neurons.Cerebral cortex (New York, N.Y. : 1991) · 2023Article
- Effects of the clathrin inhibitor Pitstop-2 on synaptic vesicle recycling at a central synapseFrontiers in synaptic neuroscience · 2022Article
- Differences in synaptic vesicle pool behavior between male and female hippocampal cultured neurons.Scientific reports · 2021Article
- Contributions of synaptic and astrocyte physiology to the anaesthetised encephalogram revealed using a computational model.British journal of anaesthesia · 2021Article
4 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
10 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Chemical synapses contain substantial numbers of neurotransmitter-filled synaptic vesicles, ranging from approximately 100 to many thousands. The vesicles fuse with the plasma membrane to release neurotransmitter and are subsequently reformed and recycled. Stimulation of synapses in vitro generally causes the majority of the synaptic vesicles to release neurotransmitter, leading to the assumption that synapses contain numerous vesicles to sustain transmission during high activity. We tested this assumption by an approach we termed cellular ethology, monitoring vesicle function in behaving animals (10 animal models, nematodes to mammals). Using FM dye photooxidation, pHluorin imaging, and HRP uptake we found that only approximately 1-5% of the vesicles recycled over several hours, in both CNS synapses and neuromuscular junctions. These vesicles recycle repeatedly, intermixing slowly (over hours) with the reserve vesicles. The latter can eventually release when recycling is inhibited in vivo but do not seem to participate under normal activity. Vesicle recycling increased only to ≈ 5% in animals subjected to an extreme stress situation (frog predation on locusts). Synapsin, a molecule binding both vesicles and the cytoskeleton, may be a marker for the reserve vesicles: the proportion of vesicles recycling in vivo increased to 30% in synapsin-null Drosophila. We conclude that synapses do not require numerous reserve vesicles to sustain neurotransmitter release and thus may use them for other purposes, examined in the accompanying paper.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.