ArticleFolia microbiologica2011
Isolation and characterization of Clostridium difficile from shellfish and marine environments.
Article in Folia microbiologica, 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 20 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
20 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Global and Historical Distribution ofFrontiers in medicine · 2020Pooled it
- Occurrence ofVeterinary sciences · 2026Review
- Community-AcquiredInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Diversity ofApplied and environmental microbiology · 2024Article
- Non-human Clostridioides difficile Reservoirs and Sources: Animals, Food, Environment.Advances in experimental medicine and biology · 2024Article
- Prevalence and Antibiotic Resistance of Clostridioides (Iranian journal of public health · 2023Review
- A Comprehensive Review for the Surveillance of Human Pathogenic Microorganisms in Shellfish.Microorganisms · 2023Review
- Novel ribotype/sequence type associations and diverse CRISPR-Cas systems in environmental Clostridioides difficile strains from northern Iraq.FEMS microbiology letters · 2023Article
- Assessment of seawater bacterial infection in rabbit tibia by Illumina MiSeq sequencing and bacterial culture.Journal of orthopaedic surgery and research · 2021Article
- Euro surveillance : bulletin Europeen sur les maladies transmissibles = European communicable disease bulletin · 2020Article
- Review
- Genomic Delineation of Zoonotic Origins ofFrontiers in public health · 2019Review
- Use of single molecule sequencing for comparative genomics of an environmental and a clinical isolate of Clostridium difficile ribotype 078.BMC genomics · 2016Article
- Article
- As Clear as Mud? Determining the Diversity and Prevalence of Prophages in the Draft Genomes of Estuarine Isolates of Clostridium difficile.Genome biology and evolution · 2015Article
- Isolation of toxigenic Clostridium difficile from ready-to-eat salads by multiplex polymerase chain reaction in Isfahan, Iran.Advanced biomedical research · 2015Article
- Occurrence of Clostridium difficile in seasoned hamburgers and seven processing plants in Iran.BMC microbiology · 2014Article
- Clostridium difficile phages: still difficult?Frontiers in microbiology · 2014Review
- Genetically diverse Clostridium difficile strains harboring abundant prophages in an estuarine environment.Applied and environmental microbiology · 2013Article
- Toxigenic Clostridium difficile PCR ribotypes from wastewater treatment plants in southern Switzerland.Applied and environmental microbiology · 2012Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
9 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
This pilot study was carried out to evaluate the occurrence of Clostridium difficile in marine environments and in edible shellfish. Samples of seawater, sediment, and zooplankton were collected at five sampling stations in the Gulf of Naples. Six samples of edible shellfish, furthermore, were obtained: two from mussel farms and four from wholesalers. The isolation and the characterization of C. difficile strains were carried out using selective media and molecular techniques, respectively. C. difficile was isolated from nine of the 21 samples investigated. Shellfish and zooplankton showed the highest prevalence of positive samples. No C. difficile was detected in marine sediment. Majority of the C. difficile isolates were toxin A/B positive. Six known different PCR ribotypes (003, 005, 009, 010, 056, and 066) were identified, whereas one strain may represent a new PCR ribotype. C. difficile may be present in the marine environment in Southern Italy, including shellfish and zooplankton. This study is reporting the isolation of C. difficile from zooplankton, clams, and mussels and pointing out a new possible route to exposure to C. difficile of healthy individuals in the community.
Indexed as
Identifiers
21901293What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.