ArticlePLoS genetics2011
Temporal dynamics of host molecular responses differentiate symptomatic and asymptomatic influenza a infection.
Article in PLoS genetics, 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 134 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
134 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 209 citations in OpenAlex.
- Searching for a Lifeline: Transcriptome Profiling Studies of Influenza Susceptibility and Resistance.Journal of innate immunity · 2017Pooled it
- Longitudinal transcriptional analysis of peripheral blood leukocytes in COVID-19 convalescent donors.Journal of translational medicine · 2022Trial
- Development of an objective gene expression panel as an alternative to self-reported symptom scores in human influenza challenge trials.Journal of translational medicine · 2017Trial
- Heterogeneous shedding of influenza by human subjects and its implications for epidemiology and control.Scientific reports · 2016Trial
- CSsingle: a unified tool for robust decomposition of bulk and spatial transcriptomic data across diverse single-cell references.Nucleic acids research · 2026Article
- Secondary analysis of influenza a virus-infected cells at single-cell resolution reveals host BANF1 response to individual and combinations of detected segments.Virology journal · 2026Article
- Immune Responses to Influenza Infection in Children.Open forum infectious diseases · 2026Article
- Estimating time since influenza virus exposure using single-cell proteomic data.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Multivariate Host-Pathogen Interactions Driving Heterogeneous Viral Shedding and CD8medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2025Article
- Salmonella Typhi gut invasion drives hypoxic immune subsets associated with disease outcomes.Nature communications · 2025Article
- Generative AI Models in Time-Varying Biomedical Data: Scoping Review.Journal of medical Internet research · 2025Article
- Disease prediction by network information gain on a single sample basis.Fundamental research · 2025Article
- GeTeSEPdb: A comprehensive database and online tool for the identification and analysis of gene profiles with temporal-specific expression patterns.Computational and structural biotechnology journal · 2024Article
- Article
- The Art of Finding the Right Drug Target: Emerging Methods and Strategies.Pharmacological reviews · 2024Review
- CPMI: comprehensive neighborhood-based perturbed mutual information for identifying critical states of complex biological processes.BMC bioinformatics · 2024Article
- Detecting tipping points of complex diseases by network information entropy.Briefings in bioinformatics · 2024Article
- Gene expression ranking change based single sample pre-disease state detection.Frontiers in genetics · 2024Article
- Article
- Reconstructing disease dynamics for mechanistic insights and clinical benefit.Nature communications · 2023Article
74 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
15 authors at 6 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Exposure to influenza viruses is necessary, but not sufficient, for healthy human hosts to develop symptomatic illness. The host response is an important determinant of disease progression. In order to delineate host molecular responses that differentiate symptomatic and asymptomatic Influenza A infection, we inoculated 17 healthy adults with live influenza (H3N2/Wisconsin) and examined changes in host peripheral blood gene expression at 16 timepoints over 132 hours. Here we present distinct transcriptional dynamics of host responses unique to asymptomatic and symptomatic infections. We show that symptomatic hosts invoke, simultaneously, multiple pattern recognition receptors-mediated antiviral and inflammatory responses that may relate to virus-induced oxidative stress. In contrast, asymptomatic subjects tightly regulate these responses and exhibit elevated expression of genes that function in antioxidant responses and cell-mediated responses. We reveal an ab initio molecular signature that strongly correlates to symptomatic clinical disease and biomarkers whose expression patterns best discriminate early from late phases of infection. Our results establish a temporal pattern of host molecular responses that differentiates symptomatic from asymptomatic infections and reveals an asymptomatic host-unique non-passive response signature, suggesting novel putative molecular targets for both prognostic assessment and ameliorative therapeutic intervention in seasonal and pandemic influenza.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.