ArticleThe Journal of infectious diseases2011
Toll-like receptor 2 mediates fatal immunopathology in mice during treatment of secondary pneumococcal pneumonia following influenza.
Article in The Journal of infectious diseases, 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 45 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
45 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 83 citations in OpenAlex.
- Busting the Myth of "Static vs Cidal": A Systemic Literature Review.Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2018Pooled it
- Non-lytic antibiotic treatment in community-acquired pneumococcal pneumonia does not attenuate inflammation: the PRISTINE trial.The Journal of antimicrobial chemotherapy · 2019Trial
- Treatment of Bacterial Infections with β-Lactams: Cooperation with Innate Immunity.Infection and immunity · 2023Review
- Time-Dependent Increase in Susceptibility and Severity of Secondary Bacterial Infection during SARS-CoV-2 Infection.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2022Article
- Time-Dependent Increase in Susceptibility and Severity of Secondary Bacterial Infections During SARS-CoV-2.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Article
- Interleukin-4 protects mice against lethal influenza and Streptococcus pneumoniae co-infected pneumonia.Clinical and experimental immunology · 2021Article
- Dynamic Pneumococcal Genetic Adaptations Support Bacterial Growth and Inflammation during Coinfection with Influenza.Infection and immunity · 2021Article
- Cracking the Challenge of Antimicrobial Drug Resistance with CRISPR/Cas9, Nanotechnology and Other Strategies in ESKAPE Pathogens.Microorganisms · 2021Review
- Virus-Induced Changes of the Respiratory Tract Environment Promote Secondary Infections WithFrontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2021Review
- Lower respiratory tract delivery, airway clearance, and preclinical efficacy of inhaled GM-CSF in a postinfluenza pneumococcal pneumonia model.American journal of physiology. Lung cellular and molecular physiology · 2020Article
- Kinesin family member KIF18A is a critical cellular factor that regulates the differentiation and activation of dendritic cells.Genes & genomics · 2020Article
- Clinically relevant model of pneumococcal pneumonia, ARDS, and nonpulmonary organ dysfunction in mice.American journal of physiology. Lung cellular and molecular physiology · 2019Article
- An Update on Host-Pathogen Interplay and Modulation of Immune Responses during Orientia tsutsugamushi Infection.Clinical microbiology reviews · 2018Review
- The Unexpected Impact of Vaccines on Secondary Bacterial Infections Following Influenza.Viral immunology · 2018Review
- IL-1 Signaling Prevents Alveolar Macrophage Depletion during Influenza andJournal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) · 2018Article
- Surviving Deadly Lung Infections: Innate Host Tolerance Mechanisms in the Pulmonary System.Frontiers in immunology · 2018Review
- Induction of the pneumococcal vncRS operon by lactoferrin is essential for pneumonia.Virulence · 2018Article
- Article
- Quantifying the therapeutic requirements and potential for combination therapy to prevent bacterial coinfection during influenza.Journal of pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics · 2017Article
- Mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) regulate IL-6 over-production during concomitant influenza virus and Staphylococcus aureus infection.Scientific reports · 2017Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Host inflammatory responses contribute to the significant immunopathology that occurs during treatment of secondary bacterial pneumonia following influenza. We undertook the present study to determine the mechanisms underlying disparate outcomes in a mouse model with β-lactam and macrolide antibiotics. Lysis of superinfecting bacteria by ampicillin caused an extensive influx of neutrophils into the lungs resulting in a consolidative pneumonia, necrotic lung damage, and significant mortality. This was mediated through Toll-like receptor (TLR) 2 and was independent of TLR4 and the Streptococcus pneumoniae cytotoxin pneumolysin. Treatment with azithromycin prevented neutrophil accumulation and rescued mice from subsequent mortality. This effect was independent of the antibacterial activity of this macrolide since dual therapy with ampicillin and azithromycin against an azithromycin-resistant strain also was able to cure secondary pneumonia. These data suggest that strategies for eliminating bacteria without lysis coupled with immunomodulation of inflammation should be pursued clinically.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.