ArticleThe EMBO journal2011
Transcription factor Dlx2 protects from TGFβ-induced cell-cycle arrest and apoptosis.
Article in The EMBO journal, 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 42 papers.
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Who cites it
42 citing papers in PubMed, 77 citations in OpenAlex.
- PTTG1-DLX2 axis drives malignant progression of lung adenocarcinoma by activating the WNT/β-catenin signaling pathway.Translational cancer research · 2026Article
- TGF-β in tumor development and progression: mechanisms and therapeutics.Molecular biomedicine · 2026Review
- rs2357322 and rs17726078 Contribute to Breast Cancer Risk by Regulating DLX2 Expression.The breast journal · 2026Article
- Comprehensive single-cell transcriptome landscape of metastatic colorectal cancer identifies budding-potential cells and their interactions with cancer-associated fibroblasts.NPJ precision oncology · 2025Article
- DLX2 promotes gastric cancer epithelial- mesenchymal transition and malignant progression through the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway.Frontiers in oncology · 2025Article
- Bibliometric Analysis of Global Research on Circular RNA: Current Status and Future Directions.Molecular biotechnology · 2024Review
- Crosstalk between metabolism and cell death in tumorigenesis.Molecular cancer · 2024Review
- Identification and validation of DLX4 as a prognostic and diagnostic biomarker for clear cell renal cell carcinoma.Oncology letters · 2023Article
- Discovery of Targets for Immune-Metabolic Antitumor Drugs Identifies Estrogen-Related Receptor Alpha.Cancer discovery · 2023Article
- Identification and verification of a BMPs-related gene signature for osteosarcoma prognosis prediction.BMC cancer · 2023Article
- Analysis of the noncoding RNA regulatory networks of H37Rv- and H37Rv△1759c-infected macrophages.Frontiers in microbiology · 2023Article
- Role of Neuropilin-2-mediated signaling axis in cancer progression and therapy resistance.Cancer metastasis reviews · 2022Review
- Betacellulin promotes tumor development and EGFR mutant lung cancer growth by stimulating the EGFR pathway and suppressing apoptosis.iScience · 2022Article
- An age stratified analysis of the biomarkers in patients with colorectal cancer.Scientific reports · 2021Article
- Metformin inhibits gastric cancer cell proliferation by regulation of a novel Loc100506691-CHAC1 axis.Molecular therapy oncolytics · 2021Article
- ACE2 protein expression within isogenic cell lines is heterogeneous and associated with distinct transcriptomes.Scientific reports · 2021Article
- Review
- Repeated Irradiation with γ-Ray Induces Cancer Stemness through TGF-β-DLX2 Signaling in the A549 Human Lung Cancer Cell Line.International journal of molecular sciences · 2021Article
- A novel TGF-β receptor II mutation (I227T/N236D) promotes aggressive phenotype of oral squamous cell carcinoma via enhanced EGFR signaling.BMC cancer · 2020Article
- Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Acquiring resistance against transforming growth factor β (TGFβ)-induced growth inhibition at early stages of carcinogenesis and shifting to TGFβ's tumour-promoting functions at later stages is a pre-requisite for malignant tumour progression and metastasis. We have identified the transcription factor distal-less homeobox 2 (Dlx2) to exert critical functions during this switch. Dlx2 counteracts TGFβ-induced cell-cycle arrest and apoptosis in mammary epithelial cells by at least two molecular mechanisms: Dlx2 acts as a direct transcriptional repressor of TGFβ receptor II (TGFβRII) gene expression and reduces canonical, Smad-dependent TGFβ signalling and expression of the cell-cycle inhibitor p21(CIP1) and increases expression of the mitogenic transcription factor c-Myc. On the other hand, Dlx2 directly induces the expression of the epidermal growth factor (EGF) family member betacellulin, which promotes cell survival by stimulating EGF receptor signalling. Finally, Dlx2 expression supports experimental tumour growth and metastasis of B16 melanoma cells and correlates with tumour malignancy in a variety of human cancer types. These results establish Dlx2 as one critical player in shifting TGFβ from its tumour suppressive to its tumour-promoting functions.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.