ArticleAntimicrobial agents and chemotherapy2011
Zanamivir pharmacokinetics and pulmonary penetration into epithelial lining fluid following intravenous or oral inhaled administration to healthy adult subjects.
Article in Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 17 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
17 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 32 citations in OpenAlex.
- A Systematic Review of Clinical Pharmacokinetics of Inhaled Antiviral.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2023Pooled it
- Pharmacokinetics of MHAA4549A, an Anti-Influenza A Monoclonal Antibody, in Healthy Subjects Challenged with Influenza A Virus in a Phase IIa Randomized Trial.Clinical pharmacokinetics · 2018Trial
- Safety and pharmacokinetics of intravenous zanamivir treatment in hospitalized adults with influenza: an open-label, multicenter, single-arm, phase II study.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2014Trial
- Penetration of GSK1322322 into epithelial lining fluid and alveolar macrophages as determined by bronchoalveolar lavage.Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy · 2014Trial
- In vitro efficacy of anti-influenza active compounds against clinical isolates with high growth capability.Archives of virology · 2026Article
- Spray-Dried Inhalable Favipiravir Dry Powder Formulation for Influenza Therapy: Preparation andCurrent drug delivery · 2026Article
- A five-day treatment course of zanamivir for the flu with a single, self-administered, painless microneedle array patch: Revolutionizing delivery of poorly membrane-permeable therapeutics.International journal of pharmaceutics · 2023Article
- Population Pharmacokinetic/Pharmacodynamic Analysis of Intravenous Zanamivir in Healthy Adults and Hospitalized Adult and Pediatric Subjects With Influenza.Clinical and translational science · 2020Article
- Characteristics and mortality of severe influenza cases treated with parenteral aqueous zanamivir, United Kingdom, October 2009 to January 2011.Influenza and other respiratory viruses · 2019Observational
- Using Zebrafish Models of Human Influenza A Virus Infections to Screen Antiviral Drugs and Characterize Host Immune Cell Responses.Journal of visualized experiments : JoVE · 2017Article
- The mechanisms of delayed onset type adverse reactions to oseltamivir.Infectious diseases (London, England) · 2016Article
- Influenza A virus infection in zebrafish recapitulates mammalian infection and sensitivity to anti-influenza drug treatment.Disease models & mechanisms · 2014Article
- Emerging antiviral strategies to interfere with influenza virus entry.Medicinal research reviews · 2014Review
- Zanamivir oral delivery: enhanced plasma and lung bioavailability in rats.Biomolecules & therapeutics · 2013Article
- Intrapulmonary distribution and pharmacokinetics of laninamivir, a neuraminidase inhibitor, after a single inhaled administration of its prodrug, laninamivir octanoate, in healthy volunteers.Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy · 2012Article
- Impact of mutations at residue I223 of the neuraminidase protein on the resistance profile, replication level, and virulence of the 2009 pandemic influenza virus.Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy · 2012Article
- Penetration of anti-infective agents into pulmonary epithelial lining fluid: focus on antifungal, antitubercular and miscellaneous anti-infective agents.Clinical pharmacokinetics · 2011Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Zanamivir serum and pulmonary pharmacokinetics were characterized following intravenous (i.v.) or oral inhaled administration. I.v. zanamivir was given as intermittent doses of 100 mg, 200 mg, and 600 mg every 12 h (q12h) for two doses or as a continuous infusion (6-mg loading dose followed by 3 mg/h for 12 h). Oral inhaled zanamivir (two 5-mg inhalations q12h for two doses) was evaluated as well. Each zanamivir regimen was administered to six healthy subjects with serial pharmacokinetic sampling. In addition, a single bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid sample was collected at various time points and used to calculate epithelial lining fluid (ELF) drug concentrations for each subject. For intermittent i.v. administration of 100 mg, 200 mg, and 600 mg zanamivir, the median zanamivir concentrations in ELF collected 12 h after dosing were 74, 146, and 419 ng/ml, respectively, each higher than the historic mean 50% inhibitory concentrations for the neuraminidases of wild-type strains of influenza A and B viruses. Median ELF/serum zanamivir concentration ratios ranged from 55 to 79% for intermittent i.v. administration (when sampled 12 h after the last dose) and 43 to 45% for continuous infusion (when sampled 6 to 12 h after the start of the infusion). For oral inhaled zanamivir, the median zanamivir concentrations in ELF were 891 ng/ml for the first BAL fluid collection and 326 ng/ml for subsequent BAL fluid collections (when sampled 12 h after the last dose); corresponding serum drug concentrations were undetectable. This study demonstrates zanamivir's penetration into the human pulmonary compartment and supports the doses selected for the continuing development of i.v. zanamivir in clinical studies of influenza.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.