ArticleArchives of general psychiatry2012
Acute and posttraumatic stress symptoms in a prospective gene x environment study of a university campus shooting.
Article in Archives of general psychiatry, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 20 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
20 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 65 citations in OpenAlex.
- Meta-analysis of the interaction between serotonin transporter promoter variant, stress, and posttraumatic stress disorder.Scientific reports · 2017Pooled it
- Genome-wide association study of posttraumatic stress disorder in a cohort of Iraq-Afghanistan era veterans.Journal of affective disorders · 2015Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Cognitive-Behavioral Factors Associated With Posttraumatic Stress Symptoms Following Two "Armed and Dangerous Person" Campus Lockdowns.Behavior therapy · 2025Article
- Review
- What are the long-term consequences of youth exposure to firearm injury, and how do we prevent them? A scoping review.Journal of behavioral medicine · 2019Article
- Genetic Interaction Between Two VNTRs in the SLC6A4 Gene Regulates Nicotine Dependence in Vietnamese Men.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2018Article
- The performance of the IES-R for Latinos and non-Latinos: Assessing measurement invariance.PloS one · 2018Article
- An Evidence-Based Review of Early Intervention and Prevention of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder.Community mental health journal · 2017Review
- Neuroimaging genetic approaches to Posttraumatic Stress Disorder.Experimental neurology · 2016Review
- Gene × Environment Determinants of Stress- and Anxiety-Related Disorders.Annual review of psychology · 2016Review
- 5-HTTLPR genotype potentiates the effects of war zone stressors on the emergence of PTSD, depressive and anxiety symptoms in soldiers deployed to iraq.World psychiatry : official journal of the World Psychiatric Association (WPA) · 2015Article
- BDNF Val(66)Met and 5-HTTLPR Genotype are Each Associated with Visual Scanning Patterns of Faces in Young Children.Frontiers in behavioral neuroscience · 2015Article
- Multiple vantage points on the mental health effects of mass shootings.Current psychiatry reports · 2014Review
- Associations between the SS variant of 5-HTTLPR and PTSD among adults with histories of childhood emotional abuse: results from two African American independent samples.Journal of affective disorders · 2014Article
- Genetic approaches to understanding post-traumatic stress disorder.The international journal of neuropsychopharmacology · 2014Review
- Epidemiology and genetics of common mental disorders in the general population: the PEGASUS-Murcia project.BMJ open · 2013Article
- Early interventions for PTSD: a review.Depression and anxiety · 2012Review
- Serotonin transporter 5-HTTLPR genotype moderates the effects of childhood adversity on posttraumatic stress disorder risk: a replication study.American journal of medical genetics. Part B, Neuropsychiatric genetics : the official publication of the International Society of Psychiatric Genetics · 2012Article
- Fear extinction and BDNF: translating animal models of PTSD to the clinic.Genes, brain, and behavior · 2012Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
8 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
contextThe serotonin transporter (SLC6A4) has been associated with several stress-related syndromes including posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). The ability to detect meaningful associations is largely dependent on reliable measures of preexisting trauma.
objectiveTo study the association of genetic variants within SLC6A4 with acute and posttraumatic stress symptoms in a civilian cohort with known levels of preexisting trauma and PTSD symptoms collected prior to a shared index traumatic event.
designOngoing longitudinal study.
settingOn February 14, 2008, a lone gunman shot multiple people on the campus of Northern Illinois University in DeKalb, Illinois, killing 5 and wounding 21. As part of an ongoing longitudinal study on that campus, a cohort of female undergraduate students, interviewed prior to the shooting, completed follow-up trauma-related measures including PTSD symptom severity (follow-up survey was launched 17 days postshooting; n = 691). To obtain DNA, salivary samples were collected from a subset of the original study population based on willingness to participate (n = 276).
participantsTwo hundred four undergraduate women.
main outcome measuresSLC6A4 polymorphisms STin2, 5-HTTLPR, and rs25531 were genotyped in 235 individuals.
resultsWe found that although the STin2 variant and 5-HTTLPR alone did not associate with increased PTSD symptoms, rs25531 and the 5-HTTLPR multimarker genotype (combined 5-HTTLPR and rs25531) were associated with significantly increased acute stress disorder symptoms at 2 to 4 weeks postshooting (n = 161; P < .05). This association remained significant when controlling for race and for level of shooting exposure (n = 123; P < .007). The association was most robust with the 5-HTTLPR multimarker genotype and avoidance symptoms (P = .003).
conclusionThese data suggest that differential function of the serotonin transporter may mediate differential response to a severe trauma. When examined in a relatively homogenous sample with shared trauma and known prior levels of child and adult trauma, the 5-HTTLPR multimarker genotype may serve as a useful predictor of risk for PTSD-related symptoms in the weeks and months following the trauma.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.