ArticleDevelopment genes and evolution2011
Wnt gene loss in flatworms.
Article in Development genes and evolution, 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 35 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
35 citing papers in PubMed, 68 citations in OpenAlex.
- Chromosome-scale nuclear genome and proteome of Anoplocephala perfoliata elucidate lineage-specific features of a 'neglected' equine tapeworm.BMC genomics · 2026Article
- Signals from the head and germinative region differentially regulate regeneration competence of the tapeworm Hymenolepis diminuta.Development (Cambridge, England) · 2025Article
- Signals from the head and germinative region differentially regulate regeneration competence of the tapewormbioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
- Evidence for Multiple Independent Expansions of Fox Gene Families Within Flatworms.Journal of molecular evolution · 2025Article
- Wnt/β-catenin signalling underpins juvenile Fasciola hepatica growth and development.PLoS pathogens · 2025Article
- Transcriptomic analysis of subarachnoid cysts of Taenia solium reveals mechanisms for uncontrolled proliferation and adaptations to the microenvironment.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Identification and Expression Analysis ofLife (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Chemical modulation ofWellcome open research · 2023Article
- A Wnt11 and Dishevelled signaling pathway acts prior to injury to control wound polarization for the onset of planarian regeneration.Current biology : CB · 2022Article
- Extensive loss of Wnt genes in Tardigrada.BMC ecology and evolution · 2021Article
- Analysis of Fox genes in Schmidtea mediterranea reveals new families and a conserved role of Smed-foxO in controlling cell death.Scientific reports · 2021Article
- Identifying and validating the presence of Guanine-Quadruplexes (G4) within the blood fluke parasite Schistosoma mansoni.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2021Article
- The tapeworm interactome: inferring confidence scored protein-protein interactions from the proteome of Hymenolepis microstoma.BMC genomics · 2020Article
- Deciphering the role of miR-71 in Echinococcus multilocularis early development in vitro.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2019Article
- Dicyemid Mesozoans: A Unique Parasitic Lifestyle and a Reduced Genome.Genome biology and evolution · 2019Article
- Article
- Divergent Axin and GSK-3 paralogs in the beta-catenin destruction complexes of tapeworms.Development genes and evolution · 2019Article
- Genome-wide transcriptome profiling and spatial expression analyses identify signals and switches of development in tapeworms.EvoDevo · 2018Article
- Animal multicellularity and polarity without Wnt signaling.Scientific reports · 2017Article
- Increased taxon sampling reveals thousands of hidden orthologs in flatworms.Genome research · 2017Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Wnt genes encode secreted glycoproteins that act in cell-cell signalling to regulate a wide array of developmental processes, ranging from cellular differentiation to axial patterning. Discovery that canonical Wnt/β-catenin signalling is responsible for regulating head/tail specification in planarian regeneration has recently highlighted their importance in flatworm (phylum Platyhelminthes) development, but examination of their roles in the complex development of the diverse parasitic groups has yet to be conducted. Here, we characterise Wnt genes in the model tapeworm Hymenolepis microstoma and mine genomic resources of free-living and parasitic species for the presence of Wnts and downstream signalling components. We identify orthologs through a combination of BLAST and phylogenetic analyses, showing that flatworms have a highly reduced and dispersed complement that includes orthologs of only five subfamilies (Wnt1, Wnt2, Wnt4, Wnt5 and Wnt11) and fewer paralogs in parasitic flatworms (5-6) than in planarians (9). All major signalling components are identified, including antagonists and receptors, and key binding domains are intact, indicating that the canonical (Wnt/β-catenin) and non-canonical (planar cell polarity and Wnt/Ca(2+)) pathways are functional. RNA-Seq data show expression of all Hymenolepis Wnts and most downstream components in adults and larvae with the notable exceptions of wnt1, expressed only in adults, and wnt2 expressed only in larvae. The distribution of Wnt subfamilies in animals corroborates the idea that the last common ancestor of the Cnidaria and Bilateria possessed all contemporary Wnts and highlights the extent of gene loss in flatworms.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.