ArticleBrain and language2012
From storage to manipulation: How the neural correlates of verbal working memory reflect varying demands on inner speech.
Article in Brain and language, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 59 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Who cites it
59 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 129 citations in OpenAlex.
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- Delayed match-to-sample in working memory: A BrainMap meta-analysis.Biological psychology · 2016Pooled it
- The role of the insula in speech and language processing.Brain and language · 2014Pooled it
- Cortical correlates of self-generation in verbal paired associate learning.Brain research · 2012Trial
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- Distinct Functional Connectivity Patterns of Brain Networks Involved in Motor Planning Underlie Verbal and Spatial Working Memory.Brain and behavior · 2025Article
- Temporoparietal brain structures support sentence processing across the adult lifespan.Imaging neuroscience (Cambridge, Mass.) · 2025Article
- Enhanced amygdala-anterior cingulate white matter structural connectivity in Sahaja Yoga Meditators.PloS one · 2024Article
- The effect of text and graphic cue-based action observation on the working memory performance of novice badminton players.Frontiers in psychology · 2024Article
- Specificity of Motor Contributions to Auditory Statistical Learning.Journal of cognition · 2024Article
- Decision and response monitoring during working memory are sequentially represented in the human insula.iScience · 2023Article
- Respective Involvement of the Right Cerebellar Crus I and II in Syntactic and Semantic Processing for Comprehension of Language.Cerebellum (London, England) · 2023Article
- An fMRI analysis of verbal and non-verbal working memory in people with a past history of opioid dependence.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2023Article
- Atypical cerebellar functional connectivity at 9 months of age predicts delayed socio-communicative profiles in infants at high and low risk for autism.Journal of child psychology and psychiatry, and allied disciplines · 2022Article
- A multimodal neuroimaging study of brain abnormalities and clinical correlates in post treatment Lyme disease.PloS one · 2022Article
- Quantitative susceptibility mapping of basal ganglia iron is associated with cognitive and motor functions that distinguish spinocerebellar ataxia type 6 and type 3.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2022Article
- Machine Learning Decomposition of the Anatomy of Neuropsychological Deficit in Alzheimer's Disease and Mild Cognitive Impairment.Frontiers in aging neuroscience · 2022Article
- Imaging faster neural dynamics with fast fMRI: A need for updated models of the hemodynamic response.Progress in neurobiology · 2021Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
2 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
The ability to store and manipulate online information may be enhanced by an inner speech mechanism that draws upon motor brain regions. Neural correlates of this mechanism were examined using event-related functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). Sixteen participants completed two conditions of a verbal working memory task. In both conditions, participants viewed one or two target letters. In the "storage" condition, these targets were held in mind across a delay. Then a probe letter was presented, and participants indicated by button press whether the probe matched the targets. In the "manipulation" condition, participants identified new targets by thinking two alphabetical letters forward of each original target (e.g., f→h). Participants subsequently indicated whether the probe matched the newly derived targets. Brain activity during the storage and manipulation conditions was examined specifically during the delay phase in order to directly compare manipulation versus storage processes. Activations that were common to both conditions, yet disproportionately greater with manipulation, were observed in the left inferior frontal cortex, premotor cortex, and anterior insula, bilaterally in the parietal lobes and superior cerebellum, and in the right inferior cerebellum. This network shares substrates with overt speech and may represent an inner speech pathway that increases activity with greater working memory demands. Additionally, an inverse correlation was observed between manipulation-related brain activity (on correct trials) and test accuracy in the left premotor cortex, anterior insula, and bilateral superior cerebellum. This inverse relationship may represent intensification of inner speech as one struggles to maintain performance levels.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.