ArticleJournal of pathology informatics2011
Review of the current state of whole slide imaging in pathology.
Article in Journal of pathology informatics, 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 160 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
160 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 420 citations in OpenAlex.
- Digital pathology in forensic science: a systematic review of the literature.Forensic science, medicine, and pathology · 2026Pooled it
- The performance of digital microscopy for primary diagnosis in human pathology: a systematic review.Virchows Archiv : an international journal of pathology · 2019Pooled it
- Artificial Intelligence and Digital Pathology: Technological Transformation and Strategic Impact in Clinical Research and Medical Affairs.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Accelerating the implementation of digital pathology in India.Journal of pathology informatics · 2026Review
- Screening efficiency over experience: Rapid target detection in low-power field as a modifiable cognitive biomarker for diagnostic accuracy in digital cytology.Cancer cytopathology · 2026Article
- MCLAM: a cost-effective deep learning model for predicting recurrence risk in HR+/HER2- breast cancer-a multi-center study in a Chinese cohort.Journal of the National Cancer Center · 2026Article
- QuTILs: Open-Source Image-Based Infiltrating Immune Cell Detection for Research Application.Research square · 2026Article
- Advances in Avian Diagnostic Pathology: Current Trends, Challenges and Future Directions: A Review.Veterinary medicine and science · 2026Review
- Blood Clot Classification in Ischemic Stroke Patients using ESAFH-Net with Explainable AI.Translational stroke research · 2026Article
- HistoSweep enables cellular-resolution tissue quality control for gigapixel images in digital pathology and spatial omics.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Thyroid cancer detection and classification using spectral imaging and artificial intelligence.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Leveraging digital pathology to enhance breast cancer diagnosis in low-resource settings: a cross-sectional study of major histopathology laboratories in Uganda.Oxford open digital health · 2026Article
- Foundation Models in Cancer Pathology: Techniques, Applications, and Future Directions.Research (Washington, D.C.) · 2026Review
- DuXplore: A Dual-Hierarchical Deep Learning Model for Prognostic Prediction of Hepatocellular Carcinoma in Digital Pathology.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Application of CAD Systems in Breast Cancer Diagnosis Using Machine Learning Techniques: An Overview of Systematic Reviews.Bioengineering (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Deep learning quantifies pathologists' visual patterns for whole slide image diagnosis.Nature communications · 2025Article
- An efficient dual-branch framework via implicit self-texture enhancement for arbitrary-scale histopathology image super-resolution.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- RT-4M: Real-Time Mosaicing Manager for Manual Microscopy System.Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- iForensic, multicentric validation of digital whole slide images (WSI) in forensic histopathology setting according to the College of American Pathologists guidelines.International journal of legal medicine · 2025Article
- Using digital pathology to standardize and automate histological evaluations of environmental samples.Environmental toxicology and chemistry · 2025Review
100 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors at 7 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Whole slide imaging (WSI), or "virtual" microscopy, involves the scanning (digitization) of glass slides to produce "digital slides". WSI has been advocated for diagnostic, educational and research purposes. When used for remote frozen section diagnosis, WSI requires a thorough implementation period coupled with trained support personnel. Adoption of WSI for rendering pathologic diagnoses on a routine basis has been shown to be successful in only a few "niche" applications. Wider adoption will most likely require full integration with the laboratory information system, continuous automated scanning, high-bandwidth connectivity, massive storage capacity, and more intuitive user interfaces. Nevertheless, WSI has been reported to enhance specific pathology practices, such as scanning slides received in consultation or of legal cases, of slides to be used for patient care conferences, for quality assurance purposes, to retain records of slides to be sent out or destroyed by ancillary testing, and for performing digital image analysis. In addition to technical issues, regulatory and validation requirements related to WSI have yet to be adequately addressed. Although limited validation studies have been published using WSI there are currently no standard guidelines for validating WSI for diagnostic use in the clinical laboratory. This review addresses the current status of WSI in pathology related to regulation and validation, the provision of remote and routine pathologic diagnoses, educational uses, implementation issues, and the cost-benefit analysis of adopting WSI in routine clinical practice.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.