ArticleSurgical neurology international2011
Spinal cord injury: From inflammation to glial scar.
Article in Surgical neurology international, 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 37 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
37 citing papers in PubMed.
- Current Advancements in the Arsenal for Spinal Cord Injury Repair: Novel Drug Formulations.International journal of nanomedicine · 2026Review
- What Is New in Spinal Cord Injury Management: A Narrative Review on the Emerging Role of Nanotechnology.Biomedicines · 2025Review
- Therapeutic Potential of Low-Level Laser Therapy in Controlling Inflammation and Damage-Associated Molecular Pattern Regulation in Spinal Cord Injury: A Systematic Review.Journal of lasers in medical sciences · 2025Review
- Facile fabrication of selegiline-loaded alginate hydrogel for neuroprotection and functional recovery in a rat model of spinal cord injury through localized spinal delivery.Iranian journal of basic medical sciences · 2025Article
- A New Paradigm in Spinal Cord Injury Therapy: from Cell-free Treatment to Engineering Modifications.CNS & neurological disorders drug targets · 2024Review
- Function of GSK‑3 signaling in spinal cord injury (Review).Experimental and therapeutic medicine · 2023Review
- Micromotion Derived Fluid Shear Stress Mediates Peri-Electrode Gliosis through Mechanosensitive Ion Channels.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2023Article
- RIPK1 inhibition contributes to lysosomal membrane stabilization in ischemic astrocytes via a lysosomal Hsp70.1B-dependent mechanism.Acta pharmacologica Sinica · 2023Article
- Gene Therapy Using Efficient Direct Lineage Reprogramming Technology for Neurological Diseases.Nanomaterials (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
- Clemastine in remyelination and protection of neurons and skeletal muscle after spinal cord injury.Neural regeneration research · 2023Review
- Targeting miR-21 in spinal cord injuries: a game-changer?Molecular medicine (Cambridge, Mass.) · 2022Review
- Machine-Assisted Discovery of Chondroitinase ABC Complexes toward Sustained Neural Regeneration.Advanced healthcare materials · 2022Article
- Pyroptosis in spinal cord injury.Frontiers in cellular neuroscience · 2022Review
- Characterization of Cortical Glial Scars in the Diisopropylfluorophosphate (DFP) Rat Model of Epilepsy.Frontiers in cell and developmental biology · 2022Article
- Therapeutic Potential of Mesenchymal Stem Cells (MSCs) and MSC-Derived Extracellular Vesicles for the Treatment of Spinal Cord Injury.International journal of molecular sciences · 2021Review
- Protective Effects of Estrogen via Nanoparticle Delivery to Attenuate Myelin Loss and Neuronal Death after Spinal Cord Injury.Neurochemical research · 2021Article
- Induction of Neurogenesis and Angiogenesis in a Rat Hemisection Spinal Cord Injury Model With Combined Neural Stem Cell, Endothelial Progenitor Cell, and Biomimetic Hydrogel Matrix Therapy.Critical care explorations · 2021Article
- Nanoparticle-Based Estrogen Delivery to Spinal Cord Injury Site Reduces Local Parenchymal Destruction and Improves Functional Recovery.Journal of neurotrauma · 2021Article
- Trehalose Augments Neuron Survival and Improves Recovery from Spinal Cord Injury via mTOR-Independent Activation of Autophagy.Oxidative medicine and cellular longevity · 2021Article
- miRNA-221 Regulates Spinal Cord Injury-Induced Inflammatory Response through Targeting TNF-BioMed research international · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
1 author.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundGlial scar (GS) is the most important inhibitor factor to neuroregeneration after spinal cord injury (SCI) and behaves as a tertiary lesion. The present review of the literature searched for representative studies concerning GS and therapeutic strategies to neuroregeneration.
methodsThe author used the PubMed database and Google scholar to search articles published in the last 20 years. Key words used were SCI, spinal cord (SC) inflammation, GS, and SCI treatment.
resultsBoth inflammation and GS are considered important events after SCI. Despite the fact that firstly they seem to cause benefit, in the end they cause more harm than good to neuroregeneration. Each stage has its own aspects under the influence of the immune system causing inflammation, from the primary to secondary lesion and from those to GS (tertiary lesion).
conclusionFuture studies should stress the key points where and when GS presents itself as an inhibitory factor to neuroregeneration. Considering GS as an important event after SCI, the author defends GS as being a tertiary lesion. Current strategies are presented with emphasis on stem cells and drug therapy. A better understanding will permit the development of a therapeutic basis in the treatment of the SCI patients considering each stage of the lesion, with emphasis on GS and neuroregeneration.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.