ArticleCurrent neuropharmacology2011
Ketamine-induced neurotoxicity and changes in gene expression in the developing rat brain.
Article in Current neuropharmacology, 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 48 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
48 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- A systematic review of therapeutic ketamine use in children and adolescents with treatment-resistant mood disorders.European child & adolescent psychiatry · 2021Pooled it
- Hierarchical Mechanistic Modeling of Complex Toxicity Endpoints from Public Concentration-Response Data.Environmental science & technology · 2026Article
- Protective effects of curcumin/magnesium oxide nanoparticles on ketamine-induced neurotoxicity in the mouse hippocampus.Research in pharmaceutical sciences · 2025Article
- The Involvement of the Serotonergic System in Ketamine and Fluoxetine Combination-induced Cognitive Impairments in Mice.The Eurasian journal of medicine · 2024Article
- Real-world effectiveness of repeated intravenous ketamine infusions for treatment-resistant depression in transitional age youth.Journal of psychopharmacology (Oxford, England) · 2023Article
- Sevoflurane Exposure in Neonates Perturbs the Expression Patterns of Specific Genes That May Underly the Observed Learning and Memory Deficits.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Article
- Induced Coma, Death, and Organ Transplantation: A Physiologic, Genetic, and Theological Perspective.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Review
- Ketamine use disorder: preclinical, clinical, and neuroimaging evidence to support proposed mechanisms of actions.Intelligent medicine · 2022Article
- Zoletil promotes apoptosis in BV-2 microglial cells via induction of oxidative stress and neural inflammation.Toxicology research · 2022Article
- Effects of the Recurrent and Different Doses of Ketamine Exposure on Anxiety-like Behaviors and Locomotor Activity in Juvenile Rats.Current Alzheimer research · 2022Article
- Blockade of the NLRP3/caspase-1 axis attenuates ketamine-induced hippocampus pyroptosis and cognitive impairment in neonatal rats.Journal of neuroinflammation · 2021Article
- Transcriptomic response of brain tissue to focused ultrasound-mediated blood-brain barrier disruption depends strongly on anesthesia.Bioengineering & translational medicine · 2021Article
- Cortical Thickness Changes in Chronic Ketamine Users.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2021Article
- Roles of N-Methyl-D-Aspartate Receptors (NMDARs) in Epilepsy.Frontiers in molecular neuroscience · 2021Review
- A Multiscale View of the Mechanisms Underlying Ketamine's Antidepressant Effects: An Update on Neuronal Calcium Signaling.Frontiers in behavioral neuroscience · 2021Review
- The Increased Channel Activity of N-Methyl-D-Aspartate Receptors at Extrasynaptic Sites in the Anterior Cingulate Cortex of Neonatal Rats Following Prolonged Ketamine Exposure.Journal of pain research · 2021Article
- Ketamine and Calcium Signaling-A Crosstalk for Neuronal Physiology and Pathology.International journal of molecular sciences · 2020Review
- Effects of ketamine on neurogenesis, extracellular matrix homeostasis and proliferation in hypoxia-exposed HT22 murine hippocampal neurons.Biomedical reports · 2020Article
- Anaesthetic-dependent changes in gene expression following acute and chronic exposure in the rodent brain.Scientific reports · 2020Article
- Neonatal ketamine exposure-induced hippocampal neuroapoptosis in the developing brain impairs adult spatial learning ability.Neural regeneration research · 2020Article
Corrections and comments
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4 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Ketamine, an N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonist, is widely used for analgesia and anesthesia in obstetric and pediatric practice. Recent reports indicate that ketamine causes neuronal cell death in developing rodents and nonhuman primates. The present study assessed the potential dose- and time-dependent neurotoxic effects and associated changes in gene expression after ketamine administration to postnatal day 7 (PND-7) rat pups. Pups were exposed to ketamine subcutaneously at doses of 5, 10, or 20 mg/kg, in one, three or six injections respectively. Control animals received the same volume of saline at the same time points. The animals were sacrificed 6 h after the last ketamine or saline administration and brain tissues were collected for RNA isolation and histochemical examination. Six injections of 20 mg/kg ketamine significantly increased neuronal cell death in frontal cortex, while lower doses and fewer injections did not show significant effects. The ketamine induced cell death seemed to be apoptotic in nature. In situ hybridization demonstrated that NMDA receptor NR1 subunit expression was dramatically increased in the frontal cortex of ketamine treated rats. Microarray analysis revealed altered expression of apoptotic relevant genes and increased NMDA receptor gene expression in brains from ketamine treated animals. Quantitative RT-PCR confirmed the microarray results. These data suggest that repeated exposures to high doses of ketamine can cause compensatory up-regulation of NMDA receptors and subsequently trigger apoptosis in developing neurons.
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