Trial reportNature2011
Intravenous delivery of a multi-mechanistic cancer-targeted oncolytic poxvirus in humans.
Trial report in Nature, 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 332 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
332 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 542 citations in OpenAlex.
- Clinical Application of Oncolytic Viruses: A Systematic Review.International journal of molecular sciences · 2020Pooled it
- Trial
- Reshaping the tumor microenvironment of cold soft-tissue sarcomas with oncolytic viral therapy: a phase 2 trial of intratumoral JX-594 combined with avelumab and low-dose cyclophosphamide.Molecular cancer · 2024Trial
- Phase I/II study of PexaVec in combination with immune checkpoint inhibition in refractory metastatic colorectal cancer.Journal for immunotherapy of cancer · 2023Trial
- Randomized phase 2 trial of intravenous oncolytic virus JX-594 combined with low-dose cyclophosphamide in patients with advanced soft-tissue sarcoma.Journal of hematology & oncology · 2022Trial
- Beyond cold to hot: oncolytic virotherapy as the next cornerstone of immuno-oncology.Nature reviews. Clinical oncology · 2026Review
- Efficacy and safety of GC001: an oncolytic vaccinia virus expressing STRIP1 shRNA.British journal of cancer · 2026Article
- Liver Transplantation Following Hepatocellular Carcinoma Rupture and Long-Term Immunotherapy: A Case Report.Journal of gastrointestinal cancer · 2026Article
- Advances in oncolytic virus delivery strategies and challenges in clinical translation.Materials today. Bio · 2026Review
- Single versus repeated intravenous oncolytic reovirus infusions: Implications for immune modulation and rationalised scheduling of therapy in hepatocellular carcinoma.International journal of cancer · 2026Article
- Oncolytic vaccinia virus JX-594 shows subtype-specific activity and candidate biomarkers in gastric cancer cell lines.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Oncolytic Virotherapy and Immunogenic Cell Death: Mechanisms, Platforms, and Clinical Translation.Viruses · 2026Review
- Intravenous oncolytic vaccinia expressing transgenes for enhanced safety, inhibition of shedding, imaging, and systemic cancer immunotherapy.Molecular therapy. Oncology · 2026Article
- Intravenous infusion of engineered megakaryocytes to produce oncolytic platelets in vivo for enhanced cancer immunotherapy.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2026Article
- Checkpoint inhibition and beyond: Precision immune engineering for the immune-privileged landscape of ocular malignancies.BioImpacts : BI · 2026Review
- Genetic engineering of systemically injectable oncolytic viruses for pyroptosis-accelerated cancer virotherapy.Nature cancer · 2026Article
- Liver-resident cellular determinants of oncolytic virotherapy in hepatocellular carcinoma: viral susceptibility and spatial immune remodeling.Frontiers in cell and developmental biology · 2026Review
- The emerging role of oncolytic virotherapy in genitourinary malignancies.Frontiers in cell and developmental biology · 2026Review
- Emerging Oncolytic Viruses: Beyond Adenoviruses and Herpes Simplex Virus.Journal of Cancer · 2026Review
- Oncolytic viruses in lung cancer: mechanisms of action and research progress.Frontiers in microbiology · 2026Review
272 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
25 authors at 8 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
Abstract
The efficacy and safety of biological molecules in cancer therapy, such as peptides and small interfering RNAs (siRNAs), could be markedly increased if high concentrations could be achieved and amplified selectively in tumour tissues versus normal tissues after intravenous administration. This has not been achievable so far in humans. We hypothesized that a poxvirus, which evolved for blood-borne systemic spread in mammals, could be engineered for cancer-selective replication and used as a vehicle for the intravenous delivery and expression of transgenes in tumours. JX-594 is an oncolytic poxvirus engineered for replication, transgene expression and amplification in cancer cells harbouring activation of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)/Ras pathway, followed by cell lysis and anticancer immunity. Here we show in a clinical trial that JX-594 selectively infects, replicates and expresses transgene products in cancer tissue after intravenous infusion, in a dose-related fashion. Normal tissues were not affected clinically. This platform technology opens up the possibility of multifunctional products that selectively express high concentrations of several complementary therapeutic and imaging molecules in metastatic solid tumours in humans.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.